bekhterevОбозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.БехтереваV.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY2313-70532713-055XV. M. BEKHTEREV NATIONAL RESEARCH MEDICAL CENTER FOR PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH10.31363/2313-7053-2024-907bekhterev-1022Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWСовременные подходы к психотерапии соматоформных расстройствModern approaches to psychoterapy of somatoform disordershttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5353-0038МухаметоваА. И.MukhametovaAlsu I.

Мухаметова Алсу Илдаровна — ассистент кафедры психиатрии, наркологии и медицинской психологии 

426034, г. Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, 281

Izhevsk

flower-alsy@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-7404ВасильевВ. В.VasilyevValeriy V.

Васильев Валерий Витальевич — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры психиатрии, наркологии и медицинской психологии

426034, г. Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, 281

Izhevsk

valeriy.vasilyev70@yandex.ruИжевская государственная медицинская академияРоссияIzhevsk State Medical AcademyRussian Federation2024300920245832642Copyright © Мухаметова А.И., Васильев В.В., 20242024Мухаметова А.И., Васильев В.В.Mukhametova A.I., Vasilyev V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1022

Научный обзор посвящен актуальной для современной медицины проблеме психотерапии соматоформных расстройств (СФР). Он построен на анализе 106 публикаций на данную тему (из них 46 на русском языке и 60 на английском). Поиск публикаций производился в библиографических базах РИНЦ и Medline. Целью обзора явилось формирование представлений о современном состоянии проблемы психотерапии СФР с выделением и сопоставлением основных актуальных подходов в данной области. В обзоре анализируется общая эффективность психотерапии СФР, а также рассматриваются следующие современные ее направления: когнитивно-поведенческая терапия, психотерапия на основе осознанности, динамическая психотерапия, групповая психотерапия, другие (редко упоминаемые) психотерапевтические методы, а также полимодальные и дистанционные подходы к психотерапии СФР.

Обобщение представленных в обзоре литературных сведений позволяет заключить, что психотерапия на сегодняшний день рассматривается большинством авторов как важный, возможно даже ведущий компонент лечения рассматриваемого вида психической патологии. В то же время, данные о ее клинической эффективности, в особенности при изолированном применении, остаются неоднозначными, кроме того, среди исследователей по-прежнему нет единства взглядов относительно основных мишеней психотерапевтических воздействий при СФР, а также относительно наиболее подходящих для лечения указанной патологии форм и методов психотерапии. Сведения о клинической эффективности конкретных психотерапевтических методов, применяемых в настоящее время для лечения СФР, являются либо неоднозначными, либо неполными, а предлагаемые отдельными авторами полимодальные подходы к психотерапии СФР страдают недостаточностью научного обоснования используемых в них методологических сочетаний.

Авторам настоящего обзора будущее психотерапии СФР видится в разработке интегративных психотерапевтических программ, содержащих в себе элементы нескольких разнонаправленных методов психотерапии, но при этом построенных на знании общих личностно-психологических особенностей пациентов, страдающих СФР.

The scientific review focuses on the relevant for modern medicine problem of psychotherapy of somatoform disorders (SFD). It is based on the analysis of 106 publications on this topic (46 of them in Russian and 60 in English). The search for publications was carried out in the RSCI and Medline bibliographic databases. The purpose of the review was to form ideas about the current state of the psychotherapy of SFD with the highlighting and comparison of the main current approaches in this area. The review analyzes the overall effectiveness of psychotherapy of SFD and considers the following modern its directions: cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based psychotherapy, dynamic psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, other (rarely mentioned) psychotherapeutic methods, as well as polymodal and remote approaches to psychotherapy of SFD.

The summary of the literary information presented in the review allows to conclude that psychotherapy today is considered by most authors as an important, possibly even leading component of the treatment of the considered mental pathology type. At the same time, data on its clinical effectiveness, especially in isolated use, remains ambiguous, in addition, among researchers there is still no unity of views on the main targets of psychotherapeutic impacts in SFD, as well as on the most suitable forms and methods of psychotherapy for the treatment of this pathology. Information on the clinical effectiveness of specific psychotherapeutic methods currently used for the treatment of SFD is either ambiguous or incomplete, and the polymodal approaches to psychotherapy of SFD proposed by some authors have insufficient scientific justification for the methodological combinations used in them. The future of psychotherapy of SFD is seen by the authors of this review in the development of integrative psychotherapeutic programs that combine elements of several multidirectional methods of psychotherapy, but that are based on knowledge of the general personal and psychological characteristics of patients suffering from SFD.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.