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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2024-939</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-1062</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиника, этиология и патогенез коморбидных состояний у детей с гиперкинетическим расстройством</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinic, etiology and pathogenesis of comorbid conditions in children with hyperkinetic disorder</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3045-333X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанов</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanov</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гасанов Рауф Фаикович - к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отделения детской психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raufgasanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-3846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Игорь Владимирович - д.м.н., профессор, руководитель отделения детской психиатрии, профессор кафедры психиатрии и наркологии; главный внештатный детский специалист психиатр Минздрава России в Северо-Западном федеральном округе, председатель секции детской психиатрии Российского общества психиатров</p><p>191015, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д.41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ppsy@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8189-1479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емелина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Емелина Дарья Андреевна - к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отделения детской психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dashaberkos@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3867-548X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохоренко</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorenko</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прохоренко Екатерина Сергеевна - младший научный сотрудник отделения детской психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fabulakati@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National medical research center for psychiatry and neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National medical research center for psychiatry and neurology; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>58</volume><issue>4-1</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гасанов Р.Ф., Макаров И.В., Емелина Д.А., Прохоренко Е.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гасанов Р.Ф., Макаров И.В., Емелина Д.А., Прохоренко Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gasanov R.F., Makarov I.V., Emelina D.A., Prokhorenko E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1062">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1062</self-uri><abstract><p>Гиперкинетическое расстройство (ГР) относится к хроническим непроцессуальным заболеваниям, включающим среди основных симптомов нарушение свойств внимания, импульсивность и гиперактивность, и соответствует смешанного варианту синдрома дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью (СДВГ). В настоящее время в этиологии ГР рассматривается полиэтиологическая концепция, поскольку в формировании любого хронического расстройства принимают участие, прежде всего, биологические факторы, включая наследственные механизмы, неспецифические «пусковые» факторы и факторы раннего повреждения головного мозга, «поддерживающие» течение заболевания и обеспечивающие уникальность каждого клинического случая. Причиной ГР является генетически детерминированный патогенетический механизм, реализуемый дисфункцией моноаминовых систем, в большинстве случаев осложненный минимальными резидуально-органическими поражениями ЦНС.При этом устанавливается тесная связь между клиническими проявлениями рассматриваемого расстройства и биохимическим дисбалансом моноаминовых систем, создавая картину клинико-биохимической гетерогенности основных симптомов гиперкинетического расстройства.Гиперкинетическое расстройство отличается и клинической и биохимической гетерогенностью и определяется рядом этиологических факторов, создающих многообразие проявлений не только самого заболевания, но и его коморбидных состояний, что во многом определяет направление реабилитационных мероприятия.В этих условиях удельный вес каждого фактора на разных этапах заболевания зависит от ряда экзогенных ситуаций. И вполне логично в этом свете, согласно преобладающему в настоящее время мнению, что симптомы ГР рассматриваются как многомерные черты вследствие согласованного действия многих распространенных и редких генетических вариантов во взаимодействии со множеством факторов окружающей среды.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hyperkinetic disorder (HD) refers to chronic non-processual diseases, including among the main symptoms impaired attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, and corresponds to a mixed version of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Currently, the etiology of HD is considered as a polyetiological concept, since the formation of any chronic disorder involves, first of all, biological factors, including hereditary mechanisms, nonspecific “trigger” factors and factors of early brain damage that “support” the course of the diseaseand ensuring the uniqueness of each clinical case.The cause of HD is a genetically determined pathogenetic mechanism realized by the dysfunction of monoamine systems, in most cases complicated by minimal residual organic lesions of the central nervous system. In this case, a close connection is established between the clinical manifestations of the disorder in question and the biochemical imbalance of monoamine systems, creating a picture of the clinical and biochemical heterogeneity of the main symptoms of a hyperkinetic disorder. Hyperkinetic disorder is characterized by both clinical and biochemical heterogeneity and is determined by a number of etiological factors that create a variety of manifestations not only of the disease itself, but also of its comorbid conditions, which largely determines the direction of rehabilitation measures. Under these conditions, the specific weight of each factor at different stages of the disease depends on a number of exogenous situations.It is logical in this light, according to the current prevailing view, that GH symptoms are viewed as multidimensional traits due to the concerted action of many common and rare genetic variants in interaction with multiple environmental factors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперкинетическое расстройство</kwd><kwd>синдром дефицита внимания</kwd><kwd>импульсивность</kwd><kwd>тревожное расстройство</kwd><kwd>тикозные гиперкинезы</kwd><kwd>дофаминергическая система</kwd><kwd>норадренергическая система</kwd><kwd>серотониновая система</kwd><kwd>невнимательность</kwd><kwd>гиперактивность</kwd><kwd>импульсивность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hyperkinetic disorder</kwd><kwd>attention deficit disorder</kwd><kwd>impulsivity</kwd><kwd>anxiety disorder</kwd><kwd>tic hyperkinesis</kwd><kwd>dopaminergic system</kwd><kwd>noradrenergic system</kwd><kwd>serotonin system</kwd><kwd>inattention</kwd><kwd>hyperactivity</kwd><kwd>impulsivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бехтерева Н.П., Камбарова Д.К., Поздеев В.К. 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