<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2024-971</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-1070</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты многоцентрового клинического исследования по адаптации и валидизации русскоязычной версии «Клинического интервью для оценки негативных симптомов» (CAINS)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Results of a Multicenter Clinical Study on Adaptation and Validation of the Russian Version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-7180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федотов Илья Андреевич - к.м.н., доцент кафедры психиатрии</p><p>Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ryazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilyafdtv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-552X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павличенко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlichenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павличенко Алексей Викторович - к.м.н., доцент кафедры психического здоровья факультета психологии, едущий эксперт Международного научно-образовательного центра нейропсихиатрии</p><p>г. Москва, ул. Моховая, д. 11, с. 9</p><p>Самара, ул. Чапаева, 89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apavlichenko76@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0429-8460</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чумаков</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chumakov</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чумаков Егор Максимович - к.м.н., доцент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, д. 7–9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.chumakov@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-4905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леонова Алена Владимировна - к.м.н., доцент кафедры психиатрии и наркологи</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.v.kononova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-6365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сорокин Михаил Юрьевич - к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отделения интегративной фармако-психотерапии больных психическими расстройствами, учёный секретарь</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.sorokin@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7517-4605</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богоявленская</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogoyavlenskaya</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богоявленская Виктория Юрьевна - ординатор</p><p>Москва, Загородное шоссе д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viktoria1998@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0690-0599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Власова Валерия Александровна - ординатор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">va.vlasova00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2820-1596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Анисия Романовна - ординатор кафедры психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anisiya74@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-6208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрова Наталия Николаевна - д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrova_nn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryazan state medical university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University; Samara State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Психиатрическая клиническая больница №1 имени Н.А. Алексеева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Clinic №1 n.a. N.A. Alexeev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>58</volume><issue>4-1</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федотов И.А., Павличенко А.В., Чумаков Е.М., Леонова А.В., Сорокин М.Ю., Богоявленская В.Ю., Власова В.А., Кузнецова А.Р., Петрова Н.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федотов И.А., Павличенко А.В., Чумаков Е.М., Леонова А.В., Сорокин М.Ю., Богоявленская В.Ю., Власова В.А., Кузнецова А.Р., Петрова Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedotov I.A., Pavlichenko A.V., Chumakov E.M., Leonova A.V., Sorokin M.Y., Bogoyavlenskaya V.Y., Vlasova V.A., Kuznetsova A.R., Petrova N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1070">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1070</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: адаптация и валидизация русскоязычной версии Клинического интервью для оценки негативных симптомов (CAINS). Материал и методы. C 2018 по 2024 год обследованы 89 человек: 42 мужчины (47,2%) и 47 женщин (52,8%), средний возраст 37±9,8 лет. В том числе по МКБ-10 с диагнозом F20.0 — 82 пациента (92,1%), с диагнозом F21 — 5 пациентов (5,6%), с диагнозом F23.1 — 2 пациента (2,3%). Средняя продолжительность психического расстройства — 18 [1-42] лет, среднее количество госпитализаций — 12 [1-28] раз. Использованы руководство и текст опросника для проведения CAINS, переведенные на русский язык группой молодых психиатров СМУ РОП. Результаты. Альфа Кронбаха для суммарного балла опросника составила 0,91; конвергентная валидность показана за счет наличия значимой положительной корреляционной связи оценок по CAINS и фактора Мардера PANSS; конфирматорный факторный анализ показал сохранность двухфакторной модели опросника с общей долей объясняемой дисперсии 55,8%; дискриминантная валидность показана за счет выявления более частого отсутствия корреляций между оценками CAINS и позитивными и общепсихопатологическими оценками PANSS; межрейтерская надежность доказана за счет достаточной степени согласия по коэффициенту каппа Коэна между независимыми рейтерами для большинства (91%) клинических оценок пациентов по опроснику CAINS.Заключение. Полученные результаты демонстрируют, что русскоязычная адаптация «Клинического интервью для оценки негативных симптомов» (CAINS) является валидным и эффективным психометрическим клиническим интервью и может использоваться для клинических исследований и в повседневной клинической практике — при работе с пациентами, имеющими психотические расстройства группы шизофрении.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study is to adapt and validate the Russian version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS).Material and methods. From 2018 to 2024, 89 people were examined: 42 men (47.2%) and 47 women (52.8%), average age 37±9.8 years. Among them, 82 patients (92.1%) were diagnosed with F20.0 according to ICD-10, 5 patients (5.6%) with F21, and 2 patients (2.3%) with F23.1. The mean duration of the mental disorder was 18 [1-42] years, with an average number of hospitalizations of 12 [1-28] times. The CAINS manual and questionnaire text, translated into Russian by a group of young psychiatrists from the RSP YPC, were utilized for assessment.Results: The Cronbach’s alpha for the total score of the questionnaire was 0.91. Convergent validity was demonstrated by a significant positive correlation between CAINS scores and the Marder PANSS factor. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the preservation of the questionnaire’s two-factor model, explaining 55.8% of the total variance. Discriminant validity was evidenced by the more frequent absence of correlations between CAINS scores and positive and general psychopathological PANSS ratings. Inter-rater reliability was established by a sufficient level of agreement, with Cohen’s kappa coefficient, among independent raters for the majority (91%) of clinical assessments using the CAINS questionnaire.Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrate that the Russian adaptation of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) is a valid and effective psychometric clinical interview. It can be utilized for both clinical research and everyday clinical practice when working with patients suffering from psychotic disorders within the schizophrenia spectrum.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>психометрия</kwd><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>обследование и опросники</kwd><kwd>самооценка</kwd><kwd>транскультуральная психиатрия</kwd><kwd>нейро-поведенческие признаки и симптомы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Psychometrics</kwd><kwd>Schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>Surveys and Questionnaires</kwd><kwd>Self Assessment</kwd><kwd>Transcultural Psychiatry</kwd><kwd>Neurobehavioral Signs and Symptoms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лутова Н.Б., Сорокин М.Ю., Макаревич О.В., Вид В.Д. Субъективная концепция морбидности: её оценка и связь с мотивацией к лечению у лиц, перенесших психоз. Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии им. В.М. Бехтерева. 2020;(2):73-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lutova NB, Sorokin MYu, Makarevich OV, Vid VD. The subjective concept of morbidity: its assessment and connection with the motivation for treatment in persons who underwent psychosis. Obozrenie psihiatrii i medicinskoj psihologii im. V.M. Bekhtereva. 2020;(2):73-79. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2020-2-73-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мосолов С.Н. Шкалы психометрической оценки симптоматики шизофрении и концепция позитивных и негативных расстройств. М.: Новый цвет; 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mosolov S.N. Shkaly psihometricheskoj ocenki simptomatiki shizofrenii i koncepcija pozitivnyh i negativnyh rasstrojstv. M.: Novyj cvet; 2001. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мосолов С.Н., Ялтонская П.А. Развитие концепции, классификация и клиническая дифференциация негативных симптомов при шизофрении. Современная терапия психических расстройств. 2020;30(1):2-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mosolov SN, Yaltonskaya PA. Concept, classification and clinical differentiation of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Sovremennaya terapiya psihicheskih rasstrojstv. 2020;30(1):2–14. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павличенко А.В. Негативные симптомы как трансдиагноcтическая категория. Психическое здоровье. 2019;(12):102-113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlichenko AV. Negative Symptoms as a Transdiagnostic Category. Psihicheskoe zdorov’e. 2019;(12):102-113. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Папсуев О.О., Мовина Л.Г., Гладышев И.О., Шмуклер А.Б. Психометрические свойства русскоязычной версии краткой шкалы оценки негативных симптомов (BNSS) у пациентов с шизофренией и расстройствами шизофренического спектра. Социальная и клиническая психиатрия. 2020;30(2):22-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papsuev OO, Movina LG, Gladyshev IO, Shmukler AB. Psychometric properties of the russian translation of the brief negative symptom scale (BNSS) in patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Social’naja i klinicheskaja psihiatrija. 2020;30(2):22-30. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петрова Н.Н., Софронов А.Г. Антипсихотики: от первого к третьему поколению. Формулы Фармации. 2020;2(4):82-89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrova NN, Sofronov AG. Antipsychotics: from first to third generation. Formuly Farmacii. 2020;2(4):82-89. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17816/phf55260</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова Д.А. Негативные симптомы шизофрении в фокусе исследователя, клинициста и пациента. Психиатрия. 2014;4(64):66-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova DA. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia in a focus of researcher, clinician and patient. Psihiatrija. 2014;4(64):66-80. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смулевич А.Б. Новая психопатологическая парадигма шизофрении и расстройств шизофренического спектра. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2024;124(1):7–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smulevich AB. The new psychopathological paradigm of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2024;124(1):7-15. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20241240117</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федотов И.А., Кватрон Д., Шустов Д.И. Индуцированные наркотическими веществами психозы и шизофрения: точки соприкосновения. Российский медико-биологический вестник имени академика И.П. Павлова. 2020;28(4):593-604.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedotov IА, Quattrone D, Shustov DI. Substanceinduced psychosis and schizophrenia: the interaction point. Rossijskij mediko-biologicheskij vestnik imeni akademika I.P. Pavlova. 2020;28(4):593-604. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.23888/PAV-LOVJ2020284593-604.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шпорт С.В., Макушина О.А. Психиатрическая помощь населению Российской Федерации в 2018-2022 гг. М.: ФГБУ “НМИЦ ПН им. В.П. Сербского” Минздрава России; 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shport S.V., Makushina O.A. Psihiatricheskaja pomoshh’ naseleniju Rossijskoj Federacii v 2018-2022 gg. M.: FGBU “NMIC PN im. V.P. Serbskogo” Minzdrava Rossii; 2023. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armitage P, Berry G, Matthews JNS. Statistical methods in medical research. 4. ed., reprinted 7. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Science; 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armitage P, Berry G, Matthews JNS. Statistical methods in medical research. 4. ed., reprinted 7. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Science; 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bengtsson J, Rad P, Cernvall M, Bodén R. Psychometric properties of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) in patients with depression and its relationship to affective symptoms. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2023;22(1):42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bengtsson J, Rad P, Cernvall M, Bodén R. Psychometric properties of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) in patients with depression and its relationship to affective symptoms. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2023;22(1):42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bland JM, Altman DG. Cronbach’s alpha. BMJ. 1997;314(7080):572.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bland JM, Altman DG. Cronbach’s alpha. BMJ. 1997;314(7080):572.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carpenter WT, Blanchard JJ, Kirkpatrick B. New Standards for Negative Symptom Assessment: Table 1. SCHBUL. 2015;sbv160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carpenter WT, Blanchard JJ, Kirkpatrick B. New Standards for Negative Symptom Assessment: Table 1. SCHBUL. 2015;sbv160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuesta MJ, Sánchez-Torres AM, Lorente-Omeñaca R, Moreno-Izco L, Peralta V, SegPEPs Group. Cognitive, community functioning and clinical correlates of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) in psychotic disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021;271(8):1537–1546.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuesta MJ, Sánchez-Torres AM, Lorente-Omeñaca R, Moreno-Izco L, Peralta V, SegPEPs Group. Cognitive, community functioning and clinical correlates of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) in psychotic disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021;271(8):1537–1546.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engel M, Fritzsche A, Lincoln TM. Validation of the German version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS). Psychiatry Research. 2014;220(1):659–663.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Engel M, Fritzsche A, Lincoln TM. Validation of the German version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS). Psychiatry Research. 2014;220(1):659–663.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galderisi S, Mucci A, Dollfus S, Nordentoft M, Falkai P, Kaiser S, Giordano GM, Vandevelde A, Nielsen MØ, Glenthøj LB, Sabé M, Pezzella P, Bitter I, Gaebel W. EPA guidance on assessment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. European Psychiatry. 2021;64(1):e23. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galderisi S, Mucci A, Dollfus S, Nordentoft M, Falkai P, Kaiser S, Giordano GM, Vandevelde A, Nielsen MØ, Glenthøj LB, Sabé M, Pezzella P, Bitter I, Gaebel W. EPA guidance on assessment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. European Psychiatry. 2021;64(1):e23. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grube BS, Bilder RM, Goldman RS. Meta-analysis of symptom factors in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1998;31(2–3):113–120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grube BS, Bilder RM, Goldman RS. Meta-analysis of symptom factors in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1998;31(2–3):113–120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jung SI, Woo J, Kim YT, Kwak SG. Validation of the Korean-Version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia (CAINS). J Korean Med Sci. 2016;31(7):1114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jung SI, Woo J, Kim YT, Kwak SG. Validation of the Korean-Version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia (CAINS). J Korean Med Sci. 2016;31(7):1114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13(2):261–276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13(2):261–276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirkpatrick B, Strauss GP, Nguyen L, Fischer BA, Daniel DG, Cienfuegos A, Marder SR. The brief negative symptom scale: psychometric properties. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37(2):300-305. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbq059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirkpatrick B, Strauss GP, Nguyen L, Fischer BA, Daniel DG, Cienfuegos A, Marder SR. The brief negative symptom scale: psychometric properties. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37(2):300-305. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbq059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kring AM, Gur RE, Blanchard JJ, Horan WP, Reise SP. The Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS): final development and validation. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(2):165–172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kring AM, Gur RE, Blanchard JJ, Horan WP, Reise SP. The Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS): final development and validation. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(2):165–172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulenović AD, Mešević ES, Ribić E, Repišti S, Radojičić T, Jovanović N. Factor structure and internal consistency of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) on a sample of persons with psychotic disorders in Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2022;129(7):905–911.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulenović AD, Mešević ES, Ribić E, Repišti S, Radojičić T, Jovanović N. Factor structure and internal consistency of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) on a sample of persons with psychotic disorders in Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2022;129(7):905–911.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumari S, Malik M, Florival C, Manalai P, Sonje S. An Assessment of Five (PANSS, SAPS, SANS, NSA-16, CGI-SCH) commonly used Symptoms Rating Scales in Schizophrenia and Comparison to Newer Scales (CAINS, BNSS). J Addict Res Ther. 2017;8(3):324. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumari S, Malik M, Florival C, Manalai P, Sonje S. An Assessment of Five (PANSS, SAPS, SANS, NSA-16, CGI-SCH) commonly used Symptoms Rating Scales in Schizophrenia and Comparison to Newer Scales (CAINS, BNSS). J Addict Res Ther. 2017;8(3):324. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laraki Y, Lebrun C, Merenciano M, Eisenblaetter M, Attal J, Macgregor A, et al. Validation of the French Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms in a Sample of Stable French Individuals With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:836600.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laraki Y, Lebrun C, Merenciano M, Eisenblaetter M, Attal J, Macgregor A, et al. Validation of the French Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms in a Sample of Stable French Individuals With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:836600.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li SB, Liu C, Zhang JB, Wang LL, Hu HX, Chu MY, et al. Revisiting the latent structure of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Evidence from two second-generation clinical assessments. Schizophr Res. 2022;248:131–139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li SB, Liu C, Zhang JB, Wang LL, Hu HX, Chu MY, et al. Revisiting the latent structure of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Evidence from two second-generation clinical assessments. Schizophr Res. 2022;248:131–139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marder SR, Davis JM, Chouinard G. The effects of risperidone on the five dimensions of schizophrenia derived by factor analysis: combined results of the North American trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58(12):538–546.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marder SR, Davis JM, Chouinard G. The effects of risperidone on the five dimensions of schizophrenia derived by factor analysis: combined results of the North American trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58(12):538–546.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mucci A, Vignapiano A, Bitter I, Austin SF, Delouche C, Dollfus S, et al. A large European, multicenter, multinational validation study of the Brief Negative Symptom Scale. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;29(8):947–959.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mucci A, Vignapiano A, Bitter I, Austin SF, Delouche C, Dollfus S, et al. A large European, multicenter, multinational validation study of the Brief Negative Symptom Scale. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;29(8):947–959.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Obermeier M, Schennach-Wolff R, Meyer S, Möller HJ, Riedel M, Krause D, et al. Is the PANSS used correctly? a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2011;11:113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obermeier M, Schennach-Wolff R, Meyer S, Möller HJ, Riedel M, Krause D, et al. Is the PANSS used correctly? a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2011;11:113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelizza L, Azzali S, Paterlini F, Garlassi S, Scazza I, Chiri LR, et al. Negative symptom dimensions in first episode psychosis: Is there a difference between schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia spectrum disorders? Early Interv Psychiatry. 2021;15(6):1513–1521.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelizza L, Azzali S, Paterlini F, Garlassi S, Scazza I, Chiri LR, et al. Negative symptom dimensions in first episode psychosis: Is there a difference between schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia spectrum disorders? Early Interv Psychiatry. 2021;15(6):1513–1521.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reznik AM, Arbuzov AL, Murin SP, Pavlichenko AV. Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: New Prospects of Cariprazine Treatment. Consortium Psychiatricum. 2020;1(2):43-51. https://doi.org/10.17650/2712-7672-2020-1-2-43-51</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reznik AM, Arbuzov AL, Murin SP, Pavlichenko AV. Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: New Prospects of Cariprazine Treatment. Consortium Psychiatricum. 2020;1(2):43-51. https://doi.org/10.17650/2712-7672-2020-1-2-43-51</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ristić I, Jerotić S, Zebić M, Savić B, Vuković V, Russo M, et al. Factorial Structure of the Serbian Version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms — Evidence for Three Factors of Negative Symptoms. Front Psychol. 2020;11:570356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ristić I, Jerotić S, Zebić M, Savić B, Vuković V, Russo M, et al. Factorial Structure of the Serbian Version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms — Evidence for Three Factors of Negative Symptoms. Front Psychol. 2020;11:570356.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strauss GP, Esfahlani FZ, Galderisi S, Mucci A, Rossi A, Bucci P, et al. Network Analysis Reveals the Latent Structure of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2019;45(5):1033–1041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strauss GP, Esfahlani FZ, Galderisi S, Mucci A, Rossi A, Bucci P, et al. Network Analysis Reveals the Latent Structure of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2019;45(5):1033–1041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valiente-Gómez A, Mezquida G, Romaguera A, Vilardebò I, Andrés H, Granados B, et al. Validation of the Spanish version of the Clinical Assessment for Negative Symptoms (CAINS). Schizophrenia Research. 2015;166(1):104–109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valiente-Gómez A, Mezquida G, Romaguera A, Vilardebò I, Andrés H, Granados B, et al. Validation of the Spanish version of the Clinical Assessment for Negative Symptoms (CAINS). Schizophrenia Research. 2015;166(1):104–109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wehr S, Weigel L, Davis J, Galderisi S, Mucci A, Leucht S. Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS): A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties. Schizophr Bull. 2023;sbad137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wehr S, Weigel L, Davis J, Galderisi S, Mucci A, Leucht S. Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS): A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties. Schizophr Bull. 2023;sbad137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xie D jie, Shi H song, Lui SSY, Shi C, Li Y, Ho KKY, et al. Cross Cultural Validation and Extension of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) in the Chinese Context: Evidence from a Spectrum Perspective. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2018;44(suppl_2):S547–555.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xie D jie, Shi H song, Lui SSY, Shi C, Li Y, Ho KKY, et al. Cross Cultural Validation and Extension of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) in the Chinese Context: Evidence from a Spectrum Perspective. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2018;44(suppl_2):S547–555.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
