bekhterevОбозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.БехтереваV.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY2313-70532713-055XV. M. BEKHTEREV NATIONAL RESEARCH MEDICAL CENTER FOR PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH10.31363/2313-7053-2024-1041bekhterev-1073Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWОкислительный стресс и метаболический синдром при болезни Альцгеймера: поиски взаимосвязиOxidative stress and metabolic syndrome in Alzheimer’s disease: the search for a relationshiphttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5929-1437ЗалуцкаяН. М.ZalutskayaN. M.

Залуцкая Наталья Михайловна - к.м.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения гериатрической психиатрии

Санкт-Петербург

Natalia M. Zalutskaya

St. Petersburg

nzalutskaya@yandex.ruДубининаЕ. Е.DubininaE. E.

Дубинина Елена Ефимовна - д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории биохимических исследований

Санкт-Петербург

Elena E. Dubinina

St. Petersburg

eedubinina@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-0861ГомзяковаН. А.GomzyakovaN. A.

Гомзякова Наталья Александровна - м.н.с. отделения гериатрической психиатрии

Санкт-Петербург

Natalia A. Gomzyakova

St. Petersburg

astragothic@gmail.comЮщинК. В.YushchinK. V.

Ющин Константин Владимирович - заведующий КДЛ отделения клинической и лабораторной диагностики, нейрофизиологии и нейровизуальных исследований

Санкт-Петербург

Konstantin V. Yushchin

St. Petersburg

ukvukv@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-4206Незнанов Н.ГН. Г.NeznanovN. G.

Незнанов Николай Григорьевич - д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, директор; заведующий кафедрой психиатрии и наркологии

Санкт-Петербург

Nikolai G. Neznanov

St. Petersburg

spbinst@bekhterev.ruФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии имени В.М. Бехтерева» Минздрава РоссииРоссияV.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and NeurologyRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии имени В.М. Бехтерева» Минздрава России; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. И.П. ПавловаРоссияV.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology; I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202415122024584-22028Copyright © Залуцкая Н.М., Дубинина Е.Е., Гомзякова Н.А., Ющин К.В., Незнанов Н.Г Н.Г., 20242024Залуцкая Н.М., Дубинина Е.Е., Гомзякова Н.А., Ющин К.В., Незнанов Н.Г Н.Г.Zalutskaya N.M., Dubinina E.E., Gomzyakova N.A., Yushchin K.V., Neznanov N.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1073

Статья рассматривает проблему болезни Альцгеймера (БА) с точки зрения взаимодействия двух важных патологических процессов: окислительного стресса и метаболических нарушений. Хотя гистопатологические изменения при ранней и старческой деменции однотипны, и оба варианта отнесены к БА, лица с ранним началом БА (РНБА) демонстрируют более агрессивное течение заболевания с быстрым нарастанием когнитивного дефицита и меньшим количеством сопутствующих морфологических изменений. Развитие БА с поздним началом БА (ПНБА) зависит от множества факторов окружающей среды, образа жизни и, в том числе, от функционирования общих механизмов адаптации, включая окислительно-восстановительную, иммунологическую и гормональную системы.

Особое внимание в статье уделяется роли метаболического синдрома (МС) как важного фактора риска не только сердечно-сосудистых и цереброваскулярных заболеваний, но и БА. Наличие МС у лиц старше 60 лет повышает риск развития деменции на 13% в возрасте до 60 лет, на 8% в возрасте 60-70 лет. Статья подчеркивает важность окислительного стресса (ОС), вызывающего окисление биомолекул и повреждение тканей, в патогенезе метаболических нарушениям и развитии МС. Описаны возможные механизмы взаимосвязи процессов окислительного стресса и метаболических нарушений. Понимание механизмов развития БА и МС, а также их взаимосвязи, является ключевым для разработки эффективных методов профилактики и лечения этих заболеваний.

The article addresses the problem of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from the perspective of the interaction between two important pathological processes: oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Although histopathological changes in early and senile dementia are similar, and both variants are attributed to AD, individuals with early-onset AD (EOAD) demonstrate a more aggressive course of the disease with rapid cognitive decline and fewer concomitant morphological changes. The development of late-onset AD (LOAD) depends on multiple environmental factors, lifestyle, and, among other things, the functioning of general adaptation mechanisms, including redox, immunological, and hormonal systems.

The article pays special attention to the role of metabolic syndrome (MS) as an important risk factor not only for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases but also for AD. The presence of MS in individuals over 60 years of age increases the risk of developing dementia by 13% under the age of 60 and by 8% between the ages of 60 and 70. The article emphasizes the importance of oxidative stress (OS), which causes oxidation of biomolecules and tissue damage, in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders and the development of MS. Possible mechanisms of the relationship between oxidative stress processes and metabolic disorders are described. Understanding the mechanisms of AD and MS development, as well as their interrelation, is key to developing effective methods for preventing and treating these diseases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.