bekhterevОбозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.БехтереваV.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY2313-70532713-055XV. M. BEKHTEREV NATIONAL RESEARCH MEDICAL CENTER FOR PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH10.31363/2313-7053-2025-2-1012bekhterev-1127Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWИмпульсивность при шизофрении: феноменология и подходы к исследованиюImpulsivity in schizophrenia: phenomenology and research approacheshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2640-4658ЛепилкинаТ. А.LepilkinaT. A.

Лепилкина Таисия Алексеевна — кандидат психологических наук, научный сотрудник отдела терапии психических расстройств 

Москва, 115522, Каширское шоссе, д. 34

Taissia A. Lepilkina

Moscow

lepilkina@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7847-2716МорозоваМ. А.MorozovaM. A.

Морозова Маргарита Алексеевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая отдела терапии психических расстройств 

Москва, 115522, Каширское шоссе, д. 34

Margarita A. Morozova

Moscow

margmorozova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-095XРупчевГ. Е.RupchevG. E.

Рупчев Георгий Евгеньевич — кандидат психологических наук, научный сотрудник отдела терапии психических расстройств 

Москва, 115522, Каширское шоссе, д. 34

George E. Rupchev

Moscow

rupchevgeorg@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-2570БурминскийД. С.BurminskiyD. S.

Бурминский Денис Сергеевич — кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник сотрудник отдела терапии психических расстройств 

Москва, 115522, Каширское шоссе, д. 34

Denis S. Burminskiy

Moscow

desbur@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5149-3760БениашвилиА. Г.BeniashviliA. G.

Бениашвили Аллан Герович — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник сотрудник отдела терапии психических расстройств 

Москва, 115522, Каширское шоссе, д. 34

Allan G. Beniashvili

Moscow

beniashvilia@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-1940ПотанинС. С.PotaninS. S.

Потанин Сергей Сергеевич — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела терапии 

Москва, 115522, Каширское шоссе, д. 34

Sergey S. Potanin

Moscow

potanin_ss@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-9675КибитовА. А.KibitovA. A.

Кибитов Андрей Александрович, аспирант

Москва, 115522, Каширское шоссе, д. 34

Andrey A. Kibitov

Moscow

andreykibitov18@gmail.comНаучный центр психического здоровьяРоссияMental health research centerRussian Federation2025300620255922029Copyright © Лепилкина Т.А., Морозова М.А., Рупчев Г.Е., Бурминский Д.С., Бениашвили А.Г., Потанин С.С., Кибитов А.А., 20252025Лепилкина Т.А., Морозова М.А., Рупчев Г.Е., Бурминский Д.С., Бениашвили А.Г., Потанин С.С., Кибитов А.А.Lepilkina T.A., Morozova M.A., Rupchev G.E., Burminskiy D.S., Beniashvili A.G., Potanin S.S., Kibitov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1127

Импульсивность при шизофрении не является единым феноменом как на уровне поведен-

ческих проявлений, так и с точки зрения психологических механизмов и биологических оснований, которые их обеспечивают. В статье рассматриваются различные подходы к изучению импульсивности, и на основании особенностей метода и объекта исследования выделены три ее типа: импульсивность как аспект клинического состояния, импульсивность как личностная характеристика и импульсивность, выявляемая в эксперименте. Импульсивность в клиническом смысле чаще всего проявляется в виде немотивированных вспышек агрессии и разрядки аффекта, а также может быть следствием психотической симптоматики.

Основанием для квалификации служит информация, полученная от пациента и его родственников и

в ходе наблюдения; для стандартизованной оценки используются специализированные шкалы. Импульсивность как личностная характеристика изучается главным образом при помощи шкал, опирающихся на субъективную оценку (самоопросников), и описывает различные аспекты личности и когнитивного стиля, связанные с импульсивным поведением. По результатам исследований, в группе пациентов с шизофренией могут быть обнаружены как более высокие показатели субъективной импульсивности, так и сопоставимые с нормативными данными. Третий тип — это импульсивность, выявляемая в ходе контролируемого эксперимента, условия задачи которого провоцируют те или иные проявления импульсивного поведения. Данные в отношении больных шизофренией по исследованию импульсивности в экспериментальной парадигме также неоднозначны. В статье обсуждаются взаимосвязи между различными типами импульсивности и возможные подходы к терапии и коррекции ее проявлений в клинике шизофрении.

Impulsivity in schizophrenia is not a solid phenomenon either at the level of behavior or from the point of view of psychological mechanisms and underlying physiology. Some research approaches are considered in the article, and three types of impulsivity were identified based on the difference in research method and object: impulsivity as a clinical condition, impulsivity as a personality trait, and experimentally studied impulsivity. Clinical impulsivity manifests most often as the unmotivated aggression and affective outburst, or as following the psychotic symptoms. The basis for the qualification is the information from observation and interviews with the patient and family members; specific scales are used for standardized assessment. Impulsivity as a personality trait is studied mainly using self-questionnaires and describes various aspects of personality and cognitive style associated with impulsive behavior. The results of the studies in patients with schizophrenia show both higher rates of subjective impulsivity and those comparable with normative data. The third type of impulsivity reveals in controlled experiments with the conditions that provoke impulsive behavior. Data on patients with schizophrenia in the experimental paradigm are also ambiguous. The article discusses the relationships between different types of impulsivity and possible approaches to its therapy and correction in subjects with schizophrenia. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.