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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2025-3-1053</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-1168</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биполярные расстройства I и II типа: проявления единой болезни или две независимых нозологии?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bipolar type I and II disorders: manifestations of a single disease or two independent nosologies?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-2195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касьянов</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasyanov</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Касьянов Евгений Дмитриевич — к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отделения социальной нейропсихиатрии.</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny D. Kasyanov.</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i@kasyan.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2526-0530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>Ya. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковлева Яна Викторовна — младший научный сотрудник, аспирант отделения социальной нейропсихиатрии.</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana V. Yakovleva.</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yanakov97@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7933-0933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щепкин</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchepkin</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щепкин Егор Сергеевич — клинический ординатор отделения социальной нейропсихиатрии.</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor S. Shchepkin.</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shchepkin.egor@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7036-5927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазо</surname><given-names>Г. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazo</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазо Галина Элевна — д.м.н., заместитель директора по инновационному научному развитию.</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina E. Mazo.</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galina-mazo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Касьянов Е.Д., Яковлева Я.В., Щепкин Е.С., Мазо Г.Э., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Касьянов Е.Д., Яковлева Я.В., Щепкин Е.С., Мазо Г.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasyanov E.D., Yakovleva Y.V., Shchepkin E.S., Mazo G.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1168">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1168</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель — сравнить пациентов с биполярным расстройством I типа и II типа по социо-демографическим характеристикам, структуре депрессивных и гипо-/маниакальных эпизодов, а также по паттернам наличия сопутствующих психических расстройств.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: в данное мультицентровое кросс-секционное исследование было включено 173 пациента с биполярным расстройством, из них с I типом — 46.8% (n=81). Участники исследования самостоятельно заполняли Компьютизированный структурированный опросник для скрининга аффективных расстройств, где фиксировали симптомы депрессии и гипо-/мании. После этого участники проходили структурированное интервью с исследователем для верификации диагноза и выявления сопутствующих психических расстройств. Анализ производился в RStudio версии 4.4.0 с использованием стандартного пакета R и пакета “psych”.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: у пациентов с биполярным расстройством I типа и II типа не было выявлено значимых различий по возрасту, полу и уровню образования, а также частоте сопутствующих психических расстройств. У пациентов с биполярным расстройством I типа значимо чаще встречались такие</p><p>симптомы депрессии, как психомоторная заторможенность и мысли о самоповреждениях или смерти, а у пациентов с биполярным расстройством II типа — симптомы анергии. Кроме того, у пациентов с биполярным расстройством I типа, в сравнении с пациентами с биполярным расстройством II типа, значимо чаще встречались все симптомы мании, за исключением гипертимии и повышенной разговорчивости. Тем не менее, классификация биполярного расстройства I типа и II типа на основе кластерного анализа по всем симптомам депрессии и гипо-/мании имела чувствительность = 77.92% и специфичность = 56.63%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: не существует симптомов депрессии и гипо-/мании, патогномоничных только биполярному расстройству I типа или II типа. Несмотря на некоторые значимые различия, классификация на основе кластеризации имеет умеренную чувствительность и низкую специфичность. Таким образом, единое биполярное расстройство не может быть разделено на две независимые нозологии только лишь на основе структуры эпизодов настроения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim is to compare patients with bipolar type I and II disorders according to socio– demographic characteristics, the structure of depressive and hypo-/manic episodes, as well as patterns of concomitant mental disorders.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: 173 patients with bipolar disorder were included in this multicenter cross-sectional study, 46.8% of them with type I (n=81). The study participants independently filled out a computerized structured questionnaire for screening for affective disorders, where symptoms of depression and hypo-/mania were recorded. After that, the participants underwent a structured interview with a researcher to verify the diagnosis and identify concomitant mental disorders. The analysis was performed in RStudio version 4.4.0 using the standard R package and the «psych» package.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: In patients with bipolar type I and II disorders, there were no significant differences in age, sex, and level of education, as well as the frequency of concomitant mental disorders. Patients with bipolar type I disorder were significantly more likely to have symptoms of depression such as psychomotor retardation and thoughts of self–harm or death, and patients with bipolar type II disorder had symptoms of decreased energy levels. In addition, patients with bipolar type I disorder, compared with patients with bipolar type II disorder, were significantly more likely to have all the symptoms of mania, with the exception of hyperthymia and increased talkativeness. Nevertheless, the classification of bipolar type I and II disorders based on cluster analysis for all symptoms of depression and hypo-/mania had sensitivity = 77.92% and specificity = 56.63%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: There are no symptoms of depression and hypo-/mania that are pathognomonic only to type I or type II bipolar disorder. Despite some significant differences, clustering-based classification has moderate sensitivity and low specificity. Thus, a single bipolar disorder cannot be divided into two independent nosologies based solely on the structure of mood episodes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биполярное расстройство</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>гипомания</kwd><kwd>мания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bipolar disorder</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>hypomania</kwd><kwd>mania</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта РНФ No 23-25-00379</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by RSF grant № 23-25-00379</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касьянов Е.Д., Хобейш М.А., Вербицкая Е.В., Мазо Г.Э. 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