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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2025-3-1114</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-1170</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-S0LVING ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование визуальной аналоговой шкалы влечения к ПАВ в наркологии: достоинства и ограничения метода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Use of the visual analog scale of craving in addiction medicine: advantages and limitations of the method</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0529-4525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крупицкий</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krupitsky</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крупицкий Евгений Михайлович — доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе и руководитель отдела аддиктологии ФГБУ «НМИЦ ПН им. В.М. Бехтерева» МЗ РФ; руководитель лаборатории клинической фармакологии аддиктивных состояний Института фармакологии им. А.В. Вальдмана ФГБОУ ВО «ПСПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова» МЗ РФ.</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 3; 197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny M. Krupitsky.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kruenator@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-6232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахметова</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmetova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахметова Эльвина Аслямовна — кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отделения терапии стационарных больных с аддиктивными расстройствами ФГБУ «НМИЦ ПН им. В.М. Бехтерева» МЗ РФ; доцент кафедры психиатрии, наркологии и психотерапии ФГБОУ ВО БГМУ МЗ РФ.</p><p>192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 3; 450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, д.3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elvina A. Akhmetova.</p><p>Saint Petersburg; Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aea1202@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-1511</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климанова</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimanova</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Климанова Светлана Георгиевна — научный сотрудник отделения терапии стационарных больных с аддиктивными расстройствами.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana G. Klimanova.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanagkl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии имени В.М. Бехтерева; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology; I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии имени В.М. Бехтерева; Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology; Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии имени В.М. Бехтерева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крупицкий Е.М., Ахметова Э.А., Климанова С.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крупицкий Е.М., Ахметова Э.А., Климанова С.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krupitsky E.M., Akhmetova E.A., Klimanova S.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1170">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1170</self-uri><abstract><p>Влечение к употреблению психоактивных веществ, или крейвинг, является одним из признаков зависимости от психоактивных веществ (ПАВ). Несмотря на включение крейвинга в качестве одного из симптомов синдрома зависимости от ПАВ в диагностические классификации DSM-5 и МКБ-10, дискуссии о его точном определении, операционализации и способах оценки продолжаются до сих пор, тем самым подчеркивая сложность и многогранность данного феномена. При этом понимание природы и динамики крейвинга имеет не только теоретическую, но и прикладную значимость. В статье рассматриваются трудности концептуализации крейвинга, а также анализируются основные достоинства и недостатки имеющихся на данный момент самооценочных и экспериментальных методов его оценки, включая визуально-аналоговые шкалы (ВАШ). Преимуществами ВАШ являются быстрота, простота и гибкость в использовании, минимальные финансовые и временные затраты, а также требования к респондентам; исследования последних лет также показали, что ВАШ для оценки уровня крейвинга имеет приемлемые психометрические показатели.</p><p>Относительными недостатками использования ВАШ, помимо предъявляемых к самооценочным методам требованиями к уровню саморефлексии, являются необходимость предоставления четкого определения оцениваемого феномена, отсутствие норм или пороговых значений, а также возможные различия в понимании респондентами максимальных и промежуточных значений шкалы. При оценке крейвинга с помощью ВАШ важно учитывать многогранность и динамическую природу данного феномена. Это предъявляет дополнительные требования к тщательному подбору терминологии инструкций, выбору аспектов крейвинга, оцениваемых с помощью ВАШ, определению временного интервала измерения («здесь и сейчас» или за определенный период), а также частоты и продолжительности оценки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Craving for psychoactive substances is a hallmark feature of psychoactive substance use and one of the central symptoms of substance use disorder in the DSM-5 and ICD-10. However, the debates about its precise definition, operationalization, and appropriate methods of assessment continue to this day, thus underscoring the complexity and multifaceted nature of this phenomenon. Understanding the mechanisms and dynamics of craving holds significant theoretical and practical implications for both research and clinical practice. The article explores the challenges inherent in conceptualizing craving and discusses the main strengths and limitations of current assessment methods, including self-report and experimental approaches, with a particular focus on visual analog scales (VAS). The VAS are widely regarded as rapid, simple and flexible tool that is adaptable to diverse research paradigms, requires minimal financial and time investments, places minimal low demands on respondents.</p><p>Recent studies further demonstrated that the VAS has acceptable psychometric properties for assessing craving. Nevertheless, the use of VAS has its limitations. In addition to the inherent constraints of self-report methods, such as reliance on self-reflection, the VAS requires a clear definition of the construct being measured, lacks norms or thresholds, and maybe affected by the variability of how the respondents interpret maximum and intermediate scale values. When employing the VAS to assess craving, it is essential to account for the dynamic and multifaceted nature of the phenomenon. This requires careful selection of the terminology used in the instruction, the choice of the specific aspects of craving being measured, the temporal framework of assessment (“here and now” vs over a defined period of time), and the frequency and duration of measurement.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>визуально-аналоговая шкала</kwd><kwd>влечение к ПАВ</kwd><kwd>аддикции</kwd><kwd>алкоголизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>visual analogue scale</kwd><kwd>addiction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НМИЦ психиатрии и неврологии имени В.М. Бехтерева» на 2024–2026 годы (XSOZ-2024-0014).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted within the framework of a state-funded project at the V.M. 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