bekhterevОбозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.БехтереваV.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY2313-70532713-055XV. M. BEKHTEREV NATIONAL RESEARCH MEDICAL CENTER FOR PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH10.31363/2313-7053-2025-4-1160bekhterev-1231Research ArticleПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИPROBLEM-S0LVING ARTICLESПроект разработки модели полигенных рисков для оценки прогноза развития шизофрении с учетом популяционных особенностей Российской ФедерацииProject for the polygenic risk model for the schizophrenia risks prognosis considering the population characteristics of the Russian Federationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-2036РукавишниковГ. В.RukavishnikovG. V.

Рукавишников Григорий Викторович — к.м.н., вед. н.с., руководитель отделения социальной нейропсихиатрии 

192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 3

Grigory V. Rukavishnikov 

St. Petersburg

grigory_v_r@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7203-8206СкитченкоР. К.SkitchenkoR. K.

Скитченко Ростислав Константинович – к.б.н., м.н.с. отдела грантовых соглашений; с.н.с. научно-исследовательской лаборатории компьютерного моделирования и искусственного интеллекта

192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 3;

197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

Rostislav K. Skitchenko 

St. Petersburg

rost20151995@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-625XКибитовА. О.KibitovA. O.

Кибитов Александр Олегович – д.м.н., гл.н.с., руководитель отделения геномики психических расстройств; вед. н.с. лаборатории клинической фармакологии аддиктивных состояний Института фармакологии им. А.В. Вальдмана

192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 3;

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8

Alexander O. Kibitov 

St. Petersburg

druggen@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-6556ПинахинаД. В.PinakhinaD. V.

Пинахина Дарья Владимировна - к.г.н., научный сотрудник отделения социальной нейропсихиатрии

192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 3

Daria V. Pinakhina 

St. Petersburg

acanthodasha@gmail.comНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В. М. БехтереваРоссияV.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and NeurologyRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В. М. Бехтерева; Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. АлмазоваРоссияV.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology; National Medical Research Center named after V.A. AlmazovRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В. М. Бехтерева; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. ПавловаРоссияV.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology; I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202509012026594817Copyright © Рукавишников Г.В., Скитченко Р.К., Кибитов А.О., Пинахина Д.В., 20262026Рукавишников Г.В., Скитченко Р.К., Кибитов А.О., Пинахина Д.В.Rukavishnikov G.V., Skitchenko R.K., Kibitov A.O., Pinakhina D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1231

Понимание генетической архитектуры шизофрении дает представление этиологической гетерогенности заболевания и помогает решить ряд важных вопросов, связанных с ограничениями текущих генетических исследований. Однако, несмотря на данные, базирующиеся на больших когортах, оценка рисков формирования шизофрении на основе генетических данных в настоящее время затруднена в связи с рядом факторов. В значительной степени это связано с этническим разнообразием. Это является особенно актуальным для популяции Российской Федерации, имеющей полиэтнический характер. В результате значительной миграции и активного межэтнического смешения население России представляет собой сложный этнический конгломерат. При этом генетические основы психических заболеваний у полиэтнического и поликультурного населения Российской Федерации остаются недостаточно изученными. Цель статьи: на основании анализа данных о популяционных генетических исследованиях шизофрении предложить проект разработки адаптированной для российской популяции модели с высокими предиктивными показателями. Результаты: Предлагаемый проект направлен на интеграцию в единую базу данных микрочипового генотипирования нескольких когорт пациентов с шизофренией и здоровых добровольцев с последующим изучением в российской популяции полигенных шкал риска шизофрении. В результате реализации проекта впервые в российской популяции будет проведено GWAS с минимально достаточным объемом когорт и выполнено исследование PRS шизофрении, составленных на основании полногеномных исследований ассоциаций в европейских и восточноазиатских когортах и адаптированных к полиэтнической российской когорте. Также будет разработан и валидизирован мета-предиктор риска шизофрении на основе полигенных шкал и разработана модель оценки риска развития шизофрении, адаптированная к российской популяции.

Understanding the genetic architecture of schizophrenia provides insight into the etiologic heterogeneity of the disease and helps to address a number of important issues related to the limitations of current genetic research. However, despite data based on large cohorts, assessing the risks of schizophrenia based on genetic data is currently difficult due to a number of factors. To a significant extent, this is due to ethnic diversity. This is especially relevant for the population of the Russian Federation, which is multiethnic in nature. As a result of significant migration and active interethnic mixing, the population of Russia is a complex ethnic conglomerate. At the same time, the genetic basis of mental illness in the multiethnic and multicultural population of the Russian Federation remains insufficiently studied. Objective: to propose a project for a model with high predictive values adapted to the Russian population based on the analysis of population genetic studies of schizophrenia. Results: The proposed project is aimed at integrating several cohorts of patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers into a single database of microarray genotyping, as well as the subsequent study of polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia in the Russian population. As a result of the project, a GWAS with a minimally sufficient cohort size will be performed in the Russian population for the first time, as well as a study of schizophrenia PRS, compiled on the basis of genome-wide association studies in European and East Asian cohorts and adapted to the multiethnic Russian cohort. A meta-predictor of schizophrenia risk based on polygenic scales will also be developed and validated, and a model for assessing the risk of schizophrenia adapted to the Russian population will be developed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.