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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2025-4-2-1105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-1249</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дифференциальная диагностика идиопатических психомоторных психозов I — История</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Differential diagnosis of idiopathic psychomotor psychoses. I — History</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1438-1890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снедков</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Snedkov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Снедков Евгений Владимирович — д.м.н., профессор, врач-психиатр</p><p>190121, Санкт-Петербург, наб. р. Мойки, 126</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii V. Snedkov   </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esnedkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0491-6545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лемешев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lemeshev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лемешев Илья Владимирович — заведующий отделением ОПП РПС ДС, врач-психиатр; ассистент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>190121, Санкт-Петербург, наб. р. Мойки, 126;</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д.41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Lemeshev   </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilya.lemeshev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2827-4761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коляда</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koliada</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коляда Александр Александрович — кандидат медицинских наук; врач-невролог</p><p>190121, Санкт-Петербург, наб. р. Мойки, 126</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Koliada</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kazak-76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Психиатрическая больница св. Николая Чудотворца</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Nicholas Psychiatric Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Психиатрическая больница св. Николая Чудотворца; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Nicholas Psychiatric Hospital; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>4-2</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Снедков Е.В., Лемешев И.В., Коляда А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Снедков Е.В., Лемешев И.В., Коляда А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Snedkov E.V., Lemeshev I.V., Koliada A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1249">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1249</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья является очередной попыткой обращения к лучшим достижениям европейской психиатрии - к сожалению, преданным забвению под влиянием процессов всемирной унификации. Авторы анализируют причины и последствия нарастающего смешения понятий в области психомоторных психозов, демонстрируя на этом примере перспективность возрождения феноменологической диагностики. В первой части статьи рассмотрена эволюция научных представлений о психомоторных психозах наряду с возникшими ещё на рубеже XIX-XX веков различиями в интерпретациях клинических феноменов. Показаны этиопатогенетическая обоснованность, прогностическая надёжность и конструктивная валидность систематики психомоторных психозов, разработанной школой Вернике-Клайста-Леонхарда. Приведены феноменологические описания типовых форм.</p><p>Циклоидный психоз подвижности протекает в виде акинетических и-или гиперкинетических приступов, разделённых полноценными интермиссиями. Он связан с аномалиями развития стволовых структур мозга. Характерны острое начало, ступорозное оцепенение либо расторможение реактивных и экспрессивных движений, сновидность сознания, гиперметаморфоз внимания, изменённый аффект наряду с нарушениями обмена, терморегуляции и вегетативных функций.</p><p>Гиперкинетический приступ может осложниться развитием жизнеопасного фебрильного статуса. Поражение лобно-стриатной системы сопровождается появлением качественных искажений автоматической моторики в виде кататонических симптомов (паракинезов). Приступы периодической (ремиттирующей) кататонии отличаются полиморфной симптоматикой с одновременным присутствием паракинезов, гиперкинезов и акинеза в разных частях тела. Даже при частых рецидивах картина дефекта ограничена уплощением аффекта. Персистирующая (системная, люцидная) кататония протекает однообразно, быстро приводя к распаду личности и высшего интеллекта. Аутохтонные переходы одной формы идиопатического психомоторного психоза в другую в клинической практике не встречаются. Различающиеся патофизиологические механизмы предполагают необходимость разработки дифференцированных методов лечения разных форм психозов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is another attempt to return to the best achievements of European psychiatry, which, unfortunately, have been forgotten due to the influence of the world unification processes. The authors analyze the causes and consequences of the growing confusion surrounding psychomotor psychosis concepts, using this example to demonstrate the prospects of a phenomenological approach to diagnosis. In the first part of the article, the evolution of scientific ideas about psychomotor psychoses is examined, along with the differences in the interpretations of clinical phenomena that arose at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The prognostic reliability, etiopathogenetic and constructive validity of the classification of psychomotor psychoses, developed by the Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school, are demonstrated. Phenomenological descriptions of typical forms are provided. Cycloid motility psychosis manifests as akinetic and/or hyperkinetic episodes, with complete recovery in between.</p><p>This disorder is associated with developmental abnormalities of brainstem structures. This state features acute onset, stupor or disinhibition of reactive and expressive movements, dream-like consciousness, hypermetamorphosis of attention, altered affect, and metabolic, thermoregulatory, and autonomic dysfunction. A hyperkinetic episode can be complicated by the development of life-threatening febrile status. Fronto-striatal system damage produces qualitative distortions in automatic motor skills, appearing as catatonic symptoms (parakinesias). Periodic (remitting) catatonia episodes present with polymorphic symptoms, combining parakinesias, hyperkinesias, and akinesia in different body parts. Even with frequent relapses, the defect pattern is limited to flattening of affect. Persistent (systemic, lucid) catatonia follows a monotonous course, quickly leading to personality decay and intellectual decrease. Autochthonous transitions from one form of idiopathic psychomotor psychosis to another are not observed in clinical practice. Different pathophysiological mechanisms suggest the need to develop differentiated treatment methods for various forms of psychoses.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>психомоторные нарушения</kwd><kwd>кататония</kwd><kwd>периодическая кататония</kwd><kwd>циклоидные психозы</kwd><kwd>психоз подвижности</kwd><kwd>фебрильная кататония</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>psychomotor disturbances</kwd><kwd>catatonia</kwd><kwd>periodic catatonia</kwd><kwd>cycloid psychosis</kwd><kwd>motility psychosis</kwd><kwd>febrile catatonia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ануфриев А.К. О структуре и динамике приступов рекуррентной шизофрении. Журнал невропатологии и психиатрии им С.С. Корсакова. 1969;69(1):107-113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anufriev AK. 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