bekhterevОбозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.БехтереваV.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY2313-70532713-055XV. M. BEKHTEREV NATIONAL RESEARCH MEDICAL CENTER FOR PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH10.31363/2313-7053-2026-2-1152bekhterev-1380Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWКритерии измерения неблагоприятного детского опыта: перспективы разработки и валидизации шкал его оценкиCriteria for measuring adverse childhood experiences: prospects for scale development and validationhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-4976-8377РерихЕ. С.RoerichE. S.

Рерих Екатерина Сергеевна — ординатор отделения социальной нейропсихиатрии

192019, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, д. 3.

Ekaterina S. Roerich

roekaterin@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-0351-7157ГорбуноваА. П.GorbunovaA. P.

Горбунова Александра Петровна — врач-психиатр, младший научный сотрудник отделения геномики психических расстройств

Aleksandra P. Gorbunova

gorbunovasashaa@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-2036РукавишниковГ. В.RukavishnikovG. V.

Рукавишников Григорий Викторович — к.м.н., руководитель отделения социальной нейропсихиатрии, ведущий научный сотрудник

Grigory V. Rukavishnikov

grigory_v_r@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7910-9129МазоГ. Э.MazoG. E.

Мазо Галина Элевна — д.м.н., заместитель директора по инновационному научному развитию, руководитель Института трансляционной психиатрии

Galina E. Mazo

galina-mazo@yandex.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. БехтереваРоссияV.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and NeurologyRussian Federation2026280520266024457Copyright © Рерих Е.С., Горбунова А.П., Рукавишников Г.В., Мазо Г.Э., 20262026Рерих Е.С., Горбунова А.П., Рукавишников Г.В., Мазо Г.Э.Roerich E.S., Gorbunova A.P., Rukavishnikov G.V., Mazo G.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1380

Неблагоприятный детский опыт (НДО) охватывает широкий спектр травматических событий, пережитых до 18 лет, включая насилие, пренебрежение и семейную дисфункцию. НДО ассоциирован с риском развития психических и поведенческих расстройств, особенно в условиях поливиктимизации. Настоящий наративный обзор рассматривает подходы к оценке НДО с акцентом на критерии измерения и валидизации шкал. Особое внимание уделяется проблеме надежности и валидности существующих инструментов, их применимости в клинических и исследовательских контекстах с учётом методологических сложностей, возникающих при ретроспективном измерении. Подчеркивается значимость учета временных параметров в шкалах оценки НДО для повышения их диагностической и прогностической ценности. Учитывая ограниченность существующих методик, подчёркивается необходимость разработки или доработки инструмента оценки НДО с учётом временных, культурных и содержательных параметров. Также рассматривается влияние позитивного детского опыта (ПДО) как возможного защитного фактора.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) encompass a broad spectrum of traumatic events occurring before the age of 18, including abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction. ACEs are associated with an elevated risk of developing mental and behavioural disorders, particularly in the context of polyvictimisation. This narrative review examines current approaches to assessing ACEs, with a focus on measurement criteria and scale validation. Particular attention is paid to the reliability and validity of existing instruments and to their applicability in clinical and research settings, taking into account the methodological challenges inherent in retrospective assessment. The review underscores the importance of incorporating temporal parameters into ACE scales to enhance their diagnostic and prognostic value. Given the limitations of existing methods, the need for developing or refining assessment tools that address temporal, cultural, and content-related factors is emphasised. The potential protective role of positive childhood experiences   (PCEs) is also considered.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.