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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2026-3-1279</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-1420</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О разработке системной концепции когнитивного функционирования при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of a Systemic Concept of Cognitive Functioning in Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0076-0347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Еремина Дарья Алексеевна - доктор психологических наук, доцент кафедры медицинской психологии и психофизиологии</p><p>199034, СанктПетербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. Eremina</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daria.a.eremina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9444-4742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелкова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelkova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щелкова Ольга Юрьевна - доктор психологических наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой медицинской психологии и психофизиологии</p><p>199034, СанктПетербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Shchelkova</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.shhelkova@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии имени В.М. Бехтерева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University; V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Еремина Д.А., Щелкова О.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Еремина Д.А., Щелкова О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eremina D.A., Shchelkova O.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1420">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/1420</self-uri><abstract><p>Когнитивные нарушения у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями рассматриваются как одно из наиболее клинически значимых осложнений, влияющих на течение заболевания, эффективность реабилитации и социальную адаптацию больных. В то же время существующие исследования преимущественно фокусируются на медико-биологических факторах и не позволяют в полной мере объяснить выраженную индивидуальную вариабельность когнитивной динамики после кардиохирургических вмешательств, что указывает на необходимость системного анализа когнитивного функционирования с учётом клинических, клинико-психологических и социально-психологических детерминант.</p><p>Целью настоящего исследования явилась разработка и эмпирическая проверка системной модели когнитивного функционирования пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца, перенёсших коронарное шунтирование. Исследование проводилось в пять этапов на протяжении периода лечения и реабилитации (до операции, через 12–14 дней, а также через 3, 6 и 12 месяцев после хирургического вмешательства). Использовались методы нейропсихологической и патопсихологической диагностики, клинико-психологическое интервью и анализ медицинской документации. Статистическая обработка данных включала факторный анализ методом главных компонент, многомерный дисперсионный анализ с повторными измерениями и множественный регрессионный анализ.</p><p>Показано, что когнитивное функционирование представляет собой систему дифференцированных, но взаимосвязанных доменов (внимание, память, мышление, зрительное опознание), обладающих различной чувствительностью к факторам разной природы. Клинические характеристики заболевания и сопутствующей патологии формируют исходный уровень и ограничения когнитивного функционирования, тогда как клинико-психологические и социально-психологические факторы модифицируют индивидуальные траектории когнитивной динамики и определяют возможности компенсации. Показано, что динамика когнитивных функций определяется не только тяжестью соматического состояния, но и преморбидным когнитивным уровнем, социальной активностью, профессиональной занятостью и приверженностью лечению.</p><p>Полученные результаты позволяют рассматривать когнитивные нарушения у пациентов с сердечнососудистыми заболеваниями как результат системного взаимодействия биологических, психологических и социальных факторов и обосновывают необходимость комплексного подхода к диагностике и реабилитации после хирургического лечения сердечно-сосудистой патологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cognitive impairment in patients with cardiovascular diseases is regarded as one of the most clinically significant complications affecting disease course, rehabilitation outcomes, and social adaptation. At the same time, existing studies predominantly focus on biomedical factors and fail to fully explain the pronounced interindividual variability in cognitive trajectories following cardiac surgery, which highlights the need for a systemic analysis of cognitive functioning that takes into account clinical, clinical-psychological, and socio-psychological determinants.</p><p>The aim of the present study was to develop and empirically validate a systemic model of cognitive functioning in patients with ischemic heart disease who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The study was conducted across five stages covering the entire period of treatment and rehabilitation: before surgery, 12–14 days after surgery, and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Neuropsychological and pathopsychological assessments, clinical-psychological interviews, and analysis of medical records were employed. Statistical data processing included principal component factor analysis, repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis.</p><p>The results demonstrated that cognitive functioning represents a system of differentiated but interrelated domainsattention, memory, thinking, and visual recognitioncharacterized by differing sensitivity to factors of various origins. Clinical characteristics of the disease and comorbid pathology determine the baseline level and constraints of cognitive functioning, whereas clinical-psychological and socio-psychological factors modify individual trajectories of cognitive dynamics and define compensatory capacities. Cognitive changes were shown to be determined not only by the severity of somatic condition but also by premorbid cognitive level, social activity, occupational engagement, and treatment adherence.</p><p>The findings allow cognitive impairment in patients with cardiovascular diseases to be conceptualized as the result of a systemic interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors and substantiate the necessity of a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and rehabilitation following surgical treatment of cardiovascular pathology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кардиопсихология</kwd><kwd>высокотехнологичные операции на сердце</kwd><kwd>когнитивное функционирование</kwd><kwd>коронарное шунтирование</kwd><kwd>клиническая психология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiopsychology</kwd><kwd>high-technology cardiac surgery</kwd><kwd>cognitive functioning</kwd><kwd>coronary artery bypass grafting</kwd><kwd>clinical psychology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блейхер В.М., Крук И.В., Боков С.Н. 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