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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2018-2-97-103</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-201</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИКУЮЩЕМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GUIDELINES FOR THE PRACTITIONER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Первичные цефалгии и нарушения когнитивных функций — патогенетически связанные коморбидные состояния</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Primary headaches and cognitive disorders — pathophysiologically associated and comorbidity conditions.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Искра</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iskra</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">iskradm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобзин</surname><given-names>Владимир Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobzin</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">vladimirlobzin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калыгин</surname><given-names>Серафим Андреевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalygin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">ksaask.spb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Military Medical Academy n.a. S.M. Kirov, Saint-Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Искра Д.А., Лобзин В.Ю., Калыгин С.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Искра Д.А., Лобзин В.Ю., Калыгин С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Iskra D.A., Lobzin V.Y., Kalygin S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/201">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/201</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблема первичных головных болей имеет важное медико-социальное значение, поскольку до 3% взрослых лиц в популяции теряют возможности полноценного трудового и социального функционирования. Феномен центральной сенситизации является одним из основных патофизиологических звеньев первичной цефалгии. NMDA-рецепторы вовлечены как в инициацию, так и в поддержание механизмов долговременной центральной сенситизации. Активация этих рецепторов возбуждающим нейромедиаторомглутаматом имеет значение в инициации первичных головных болей. В свою очередь, в развитии когнитивных нарушений важную роль играют механизмы глутаматергической эксайтотоксичности, также возникающий вследствие гипервозбудимости NMDA-рецепторов. Таким образом, очевидно, что механизмы изменения антиноцицептивной системы при первичных головных болях и развития глутаматергической эксайтотоксичности при деменциях тесно взаимосвязаны. Взаимоотношение между соматическими симптомами, такими как головная боль при деменции и ее клиническими проявлениями, представляется в настоящее время большим, чем просто коморбидность. В отношении мигрени и головной боли напряжения показана четкая связь между выраженностью цефалгии и тяжестью когнитивных расстройств. Таким образом, прослеживается достоверная взаимосвязь между развитием первичной головной боли и интеллектуально-мнестическим снижением, учитывая общность патофизиологических механизмов, что имеет важное практическое значение с позиции возможной коррекции препаратами модуляторами NMDA-рецепторов. Мемантин оказывает терапевтический эффект не только в отношении когнитивных нарушений, но и существенно влияет на частоту и выраженность первичной головной боли.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Primary headaches (migraine, tension-type headache and other primary headaches) cause 3% of all disability cases in adult population, fully decrease possibilities of social functioning. Te phenomenon of the central sensitization is one of the fundamental pathophysiological units of primary headaches. NMDA receptors are involved both in initiation and in maintaining of mechanisms of a long-term central sensitization. NMDA activation by glutamate play important role in the initiation of primary headaches. Cognitive impairment development also conducted with NMDA-excitotoxicity due to hyper excitability of NMDA receptors. Tus, it is evident that mechanisms of antinociceptive changes in primary headaches and development of a glutamate excitotoxicity are strongly interdependent. Relationship between somatic symptoms, such as headache in dementia and cognitive symptoms now is represented more widely than just a comorbidity. Te gravity of migraine, tension-type headache and severity of cognitive impairment are strongly connected. Tus, the reliable interrelation between development of primary headache and cognitive decrease is traced, considering a community of pathophysiological mechanisms that has important practical value due to possible correction by NMDA-antagonists. Memantine not only slows the progression of cognitive symptoms in dementia, but also signifcantly inﬂuences the frequency and expressiveness of primary headache.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичная головная боль</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>мигрень</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>головная боль напряжения</kwd><kwd>сенситизация</kwd><kwd>NMDA-рецепторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary headache</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>migraine</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>tension-type headache</kwd><kwd>central sensitization</kwd><kwd>NMDA receptors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Деменция. Информационный бюллетень N°362 // Всемирная организация здравоохранения. URL: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs362/ru/ (Дата обращения: 21.07.2017 г.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Деменция. 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