bekhterevОбозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.БехтереваV.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY2313-70532713-055XV. M. BEKHTEREV NATIONAL RESEARCH MEDICAL CENTER FOR PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH10.31363/2313-7053-2019-4-1-28-30bekhterev-296Research ArticleНАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ РАБОТЫRESEARCH PAPERSДолжна ли психиатрическая молекулярная генетика учитывать эффект когорты по рождению?Does psychiatric molecular genetics need to account for the birth cohort effect?ХарроЯ.HarroJ.

Jaanus Harro — Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences

Jaanus.Harro@ut.eeЛаасК.LaasK.ВахтМ.VahtM.ЭэнсоД.EensooD.КуррикоффТ.KurrikoffT.СакалаК.SakalaK.Клайв Э.KiiveE.ВейдебаумТ.VeidebaumT.Подразделение Нейропсихофармакологии, Кафедра психологии, Университет ТартуЭстонияDivision of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of TartuEstoniaКафедра семейной медицины и общественного здоровья, Университет ТартуЭстонияDepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of TartuEstoniaПодразделение социологии, Кафедра социальных исследований, Университет ТартуЭстонияDivision of Sociology, Department of Social Studies, University of TartuEstoniaКафедра семейной медицины и общественного здоровья, Университет Тарту; Национальный Институт Развития ЗдоровьяЭстонияDepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu; National Institute for Health DevelopmentEstoniaПодразделение специального образования, Кафедра Образования, Университет ТартуЭстонияDivision of Special Education, Department of Education, University of TartuEstonia20190612201904-12830Copyright © Харро Я., Лаас К., Вахт М., Ээнсо Д., Куррикофф Т., Сакала К., Клайв  Э., Вейдебаум Т., 20192019Харро Я., Лаас К., Вахт М., Ээнсо Д., Куррикофф Т., Сакала К., Клайв  Э., Вейдебаум Т.Harro J., Laas K., Vaht M., Eensoo D., Kurrikoff T., Sakala K., Kiive E., Veidebaum T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/296

Основные психические расстройства, включая расстройства, связанные с злоупотреблением алкоголя, считаются мультигенными, а малый эффект отдельных генов может объясняться либо сложными биологическими механизмами или взаимодействием генов и окружающей среды. Последнее объяснение подтверждается относительно быстрыми изменениями долгосрочных тенденций и когортным эффектом на расстройства, связанные с  употреблением алкоголя. Взаимодействия вариантов генов-кандидатов с возрастными когортами были обнаружены в «Эстонском исследовании личностного поведения и здоровья детей», продольном исследовании, проведенном в 1998 году, с выскопрезентативными возрастными выборками по регионам. Взаимодействия, касающиеся начала употребления алкоголя или расстройства, связанного с употреблением алкоголя, были обнаружены, например, для генов 5-HTTLPR, VMAT1, OXR и NRG1. Можно предположить, что быстрые изменения в социальноэкономической среде способствуют изменениям генетической уязвимости к факторам риска окружающей среды, таким как алкоголь.

Major psychiatric disorders including alcohol use disorder are considered multigenic and the smallness of effects of individual genes may be attributed to either complex biological mechanisms or geneenvironment interactions. The latter explanation is highlighted by the relatively fast changes in secular trends and in cohort effects on alcohol use disorder. Interactions of candidate gene variants with birth cohort have been found in the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study, a longitudinal investigation from 1998 with a sample highly representative of birth cohorts within a region. Such interactions regarding initiation of alcohol use or alcohol use disorder have been revealed for e.g., 5-HTTLPR, VMAT1, OXR and NRG1, and suggest that rapid alterations in the socioeconomic environment promote changes in the genetic vulnerability to environmental risks factors such as alcohol.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.