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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2019-4-2-29-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-339</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кататония — эволюция взглядов и современные представления (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Catatonia — evolution of views and current understanding (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дунаевский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dunaevsky</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дунаевский Владимир Владимирович—кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">vvdunaevsky@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Арсений Васильевич — очный аспирант кафедры психиатрии и наркологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">arseny.mailbox@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4-2</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дунаевский В.В., Кузнецов А.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дунаевский В.В., Кузнецов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dunaevsky V.V., Kuznetsov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/339">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/339</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре литературы приводится история взглядов на проблему кататонии от Кальбаума и до настоящего времени. Описанная Карлом Кальбаумом в качестве отдельного заболевания после работ Крепелина и Блейлера кататония долгие годы ассоциировалась с представлением о шизофрении. В настоящее время кататония классифицируется как неспецифический синдром, который можно наблюдать при многих психических расстройствах. Несмотря на существующие взгляды на кататонию, как на редкое заболевание, многие исследования указывают на широкую распространенность этой патологии. Своевременная диагностика кататонии в не меньшей степени, чем анализ ее структурно-динамических особенностей, имеет принципиальное значение не только для выбора предпочтительной терапевтической тактики, но в некоторых случаях позволяет избежать летального исхода. В связи с этим, в ста¬тье приводится описание ряда шкал, используемых в качестве диагностического инструментария для диагностики кататонии у пациентов с различной психической патологией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The literature review describes history of views on catatonia from Kahlbaum to present time. Descripted as a discrete disease by Karl Kahlbaum, since Kraepelin’s and Bleuler’s works catatonia was associated with schizophrenia for many years. At the present time catatonia is classified as a nonspecific syndrome, which can be observed in many mental diseases. Despite of common view on catatonia as a rare disease, a lot of studies show that this state is very frequent. Catatonia remains an underdiagnosed syndrome. Prompt recognition of catatonia is important since this state is life-threatening and catatonic patients need correct treatment. This article describes some diagnostic scales, used to recognize catatonia in psychiatric patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кататония</kwd><kwd>психоз</kwd><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>аффективные расстройства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>catatonia</kwd><kwd>psychosis</kwd><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>affective disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блейлер Э. Руководство по психиатрии // М.: «Независимая психиатрическая ассоциация». — 1993. — 576 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bleuler E Textbook of Psychiatry. M.: «Nezavisimaya psikhiatricheskaya assotsiatsiya». — 1993. — 576 p. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гиляровский В.А. 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