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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2020-2-38-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-420</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Подходы к анализу нарушений высших психических функций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Approaches to analysis of higher mental function impairments</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карякина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karyakina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карякина Мария Владимировна—научный сотрудник</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karyakina.m@serbsky.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рычкова Ольга Валентиновна—д.псих.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>заместитель декана факультета консультативной и клинической психологии </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rychkovao@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский НИИ психиатрии—филиал ФГБУ НМИЦ ПН им. В.П. Сербского Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry—the branch of FSBI NMRC PV n.a. V.P.Serbsky<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский НИИ психиатрии—филиал ФГБУ НМИЦ ПН им. В.П. Сербского Минздрава России; &#13;
Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry—the branch of FSBI NMRC PV n.a. V.P.Serbsky; &#13;
Moscow State University of Psychology and Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карякина М.В., Рычкова О.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карякина М.В., Рычкова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karyakina M.V., Rychkova O.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/420">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/420</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью обзора является сопоставление методологических подходов отечественной психологической школы и западной психологии к изучению высших психических функций, сравнение используемых для оценки последних методик.</p><p>Проведенное сопоставление методических приемов, используемых в западной и в отечественной психодиагностике демонстрирует, что различия начинаются на этапе интерпретации результатов. Нейропсихологический метод анализа предполагает выявление выпадения не психической функции в целом, а нарушение отдельных ее звеньев. Что делает нейропсихологический анализ в большей степени качественным методом, опирающимся на анализ индивидуальных клинических случаев.</p><p>В западной психологии принято говорить о психических функциях в целом. Использование стандартизированных тестов дает возможность использовать математические инструменты обработки данных, делает результаты сопоставимыми между собой в различных группах испытуемых, позволяет распространять выводы на генеральную совокупность в соответствии с современными требованиями к достоверности научных результатов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the review is to compare the methodological approaches of Russian psychological school and Western psychology to the study of higher mental functions, and to compare the methods used for evaluating them.</p><p>The comparison of methods used in Western and Russian psychodiagnostics demonstrates, that differences begin at the stage of interpreting the results. Thus, the neuropsychological analysis identifies not the loss of the mental function in general, but the impairment of it’s parts. This makes neuropsychological analysis more of a qualitative method based on the analysis of individual clinical cases.</p><p>In Western psychology it is more common to talk about mental functions in general. The use of standardized tests makes it possible to use mathematical tools for data processing, makes the results comparable in different groups of subjects, and allows to extend the conclusions to the general population in accordance with modern requirements for the reliability of scientific results.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>психодиагностика</kwd><kwd>высшие психические функции</kwd><kwd>когниции</kwd><kwd>внимание</kwd><kwd>память</kwd><kwd>мышление</kwd><kwd>исполнительные функции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>psychological assessment</kwd><kwd>higher mental functions</kwd><kwd>cognitions</kwd><kwd>attention</kwd><kwd>memory</kwd><kwd>thinking</kwd><kwd>executive functions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анохин П.К. 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