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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2020-3-11-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-457</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дисфункция эндотелия сосудов—патогенетический фактор в развитии нейродегенеративных заболеваний и когнитивных расстройств</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vascular endotelial dysfunction is a pathogenetic factor in the development of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончаров Николай Васильевич—доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник НИИ гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека ФМБА России; заведующий лабораторией сравнительной биохимии ферментов Института эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова РАН</p><p>Ленинградская обл.,</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leningrad Region,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ngoncharov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>П. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Полина Ивановна—врач гериатрического отделения</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">popova.p.i@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головкин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovkin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Головкин Алексей Сергеевич—доктор медицинских наук, руководитель группы генно-клеточной инженерии Института молекулярной биологии и генетики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">golovkin_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залуцкая</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zalutskaya</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Залуцкая Наталья Михайловна—кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения гериатрической психиатрии ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева» МЗ РФ, доцент кафедры общей и клинической психологии ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» МЗ РФ</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">nzalutskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пальчикова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Palchikova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пальчикова Екатерина Игоревна—младший научный сотрудник отделения гериатрической психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">ofcoursekate@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Занин</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zanin</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Занин Кирилл Валерьевич—клинический ординатор отделения гериатрической психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St.Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirzanin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдонин</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdonin</surname><given-names>Р. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдонин Павел Владимирович— доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией физиологии рецепторов и сигнальных систем</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">pvavdonin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека ФМБА России;&#13;
Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology;&#13;
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская поликлиника № 19</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Policlinic №19</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева МЗ РФ;&#13;
Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology;&#13;
Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гончаров Н.В., Попова П.И., Головкин А.С., Залуцкая Н.М., Пальчикова Е.И., Занин К.В., Авдонин П.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гончаров Н.В., Попова П.И., Головкин А.С., Залуцкая Н.М., Пальчикова Е.И., Занин К.В., Авдонин П.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goncharov N.V., Popova P.I., Golovkin A.S., Zalutskaya N.M., Palchikova E.I., Zanin K.V., Avdonin Р.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/457">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/457</self-uri><abstract><p>Количество публикаций, посвященных исследованию эндотелиальных клеток, с одной стороны, и неврологических заболеваний, с другой стороны, в последние годы стремительно нарастает. При этом слабоизученным остается вопрос о взаимосвязи между состоянием эндотелиального монослоя и клетками нервной системы. В настоящем обзоре представлены имеющиеся сведения о маркерах эндотелия, молекулярных и клеточных механизмах поддержания целостности эндотелиального монослоя, о его нарушениях при некоторых острых и хронических психоневрологических заболеваниях. На молекулярном уровне важнейшим патогенетическим звеном эндотелиальной дисфункции является нарушение баланса ионов Са2+, что сопряжено с нарушением редокс-баланса клеток и усиленной генерацией активных форм кислорода. Приведены генетические и эпигенетические факторы, обусловливающие нарушения эндотелиального монослоя, причинно-следственные взаимосвязи между ними. Из генетических наиболее изучены моногенные заболевания, связанные с нарушением целостности гемато-энцефалического барьера: это дефицит белковых молекул, обеспечивающих транспорт глюкозы, структурно-функциональную целостность плотных контактов и базальной мембраны самих эндотелиальных клеток, мутации в перицитах и гладкомышечных клетках. Менее изучены мутации, повышающие риск развития известных нейродегенеративных заболеваний, но при этом являющиеся также причиной цереброваскулярной патологии. Болезни малых сосудов—целая группа прежде всего эпигенетически обусловленных заболеваний, клиническим следствием которых часто является сосудистая деменция. Особое внимание уделено одной из наименее изученных проблем—патогенезу заболеваний токсикологической природы, возникающих на разных сроках после острого и хронического отравления органофосфатами. Микроангиопатии, вызванные повреждением эндотелия в центральной и периферической нервной системах, могут быть основной причиной развития отставленных эффектов при отравлении органофосфатами. В отсутствие эффективных средств терапии нейродегенеративных заболеваний, все больше появляется научно-обоснованных сведений о позитивном влиянии структуры питания и здорового образа жизни на состояние кровеносных сосудов и риск развития этих заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The amount of publications devoted to the endothelial cells, on the one hand, and neurological diseases, on the other hand, has been growing rapidly in recent years. Nevertheless, the relationship between the endothelial monolayer and the cells of the nervous system remains poorly studied. This review presents the available information about endothelial markers, molecular and cellular mechanisms for maintaining the integrity of the endothelial monolayer and the violations in some acute and chronic neuropsychiatric diseases. At the molecular level, the most important pathogenetic link in endothelial dysfunction is an imbalance of Ca2+ ions, which is associated with redox imbalance in the cells and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Genetic and epigenetic factors that cause these disorders and their cause-and-effect relationships are considered. Of the genetic diseases, the most studied are monogenic diseases associated with impaired blood-brain barrier integrity: this is a deficiency of protein molecules that ensure glucose transport, structural and functional integrity of tight junctions and the basement membrane of endothelial cells themselves, as well as mutations in pericytes and smooth muscle cells. Mutations that increase the risk of developing known neurodegenerative diseases, but are also the cause of cerebrovascular pathology, are less studied. The small vessel diseases constitute a whole group of primarily epigenetically caused diseases, the clinical consequence of which is often vascular dementia. Special attention is paid to one of the least studied problems—the pathogenesis of toxicological diseases that occur at different times after acute and chronic organophosphate poisoning. Microangiopathies caused by damage to the endothelium in the central and peripheral nervous systems can be the main cause for the development of delayed effects in organophosphate poisoning. In the absence of effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, more and more evidence is emerging about the positive impact of the nutritional structure and healthy lifestyle on the state of blood vessels and the risk of developing these diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндотелиальная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>гематоэнцефалический барьер</kwd><kwd>глимфатическая система</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>органофосфаты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endotelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>blood-brain barier</kwd><kwd>glymphatic system</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>organophosphates</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке госпрограммы АААА-А18-118012290142-9</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гончаров Н.В., Попова П.И., Авдонин П.П., Кудрявцев И.В., Серебрякова М.К., Корф Е.А., Авдонин П.В. 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