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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2021-1-11-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-529</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-S0LVING ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гетерогенность механизма действия антидепрессантов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Heterogeneity of the mechanisms of action of antidepressants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-235X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козловский</surname><given-names>В. Л</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlovskii</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kvl1958@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7905-4583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">popovmikhail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3677-2144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костерин</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosterin</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitrykosterin@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9516-4427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепик</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepik</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ovlepik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>55</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козловский В.Л., Попов М.Ю., Костерин Д.Н., Лепик О.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козловский В.Л., Попов М.Ю., Костерин Д.Н., Лепик О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlovskii V.L., Popov M.Y., Kosterin D.N., Lepik O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/529">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/529</self-uri><abstract><p>. В статье обсуждаются гетерогенные механизмы фармакодинамики антидепрессивных препаратов, лежащие в основе формирования терапевтического ответа. Обладая однонаправленной клинической активностью, антидепрессанты формируют лекарственный гомеостаз за счет разных молекулярных механизмов (избирательная или неизбирательная блокада обратного захвата моноаминов, ингибирование фермента моноаминоксидазы, блокада определенных моноаминовых рецепторов). При этом способность антидепрессантов повышать уровень серотонина и других моноаминов в синапсах центральной нервной системы служит лишь инициирующим фактором в формировании их специфических клинических эффектов. Развитие последних, вероятно, определяется иными нейрохимическими реакциями, в том числе сопровождающимися изменениями плотности постсинаптических рецепторов и увеличением синтеза различных нейротрофических факторов. Вместе с тем реализация первичных механизмов, способствующих накоплению моноаминов, может «срабатывать» не всегда, приводя к отсутствию эффекта инициальной антидепрессивной терапии, при этом вероятность эффективности последующего антидепрессанта остается достаточно высокой. Таким образом, эффективность отдельных препаратов может определяться различиями в исходном нейрохимическом фоне, составляющем патологический «депрессивный» гомеостаз. Гетерогенное нейрохимическое действие антидепрессантов, по всей видимости, вызывает диссоциацию сложившихся нейрональных взаимодействий, приводя к формированию нового — лекарственного — гомеостаза. В то же время не исключено, что стимуляция общих нейротрофических процессов этими препаратами может способствовать прогредиентности и хронификации патологии за счет неоднозначного влияния на отдельные этапы развития патологического процесса. Сказанное определяет актуальность проведения нейрофизиологических исследований центральных нарушений при депрессии и поиска принципиально новых нейрохимических мишеней для лечения депрессивных состояний, развивающихся при различных психических расстройствах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the heterogeneous mechanisms of the pharmacodynamics of antidepressants that underlie the therapeutic response. Sharing the similar clinical activity, antidepressants determine the development of drug-induced homeostasis by means of different molecular mechanisms (selective or nonselective blockade of monoamine reuptake, inhibition of monoamine oxidase, blockade of certain monoamine receptors). However, an increase of serotonin and other monoamines concentrations in the synapses of the central nervous system is only the initiating factor in the development of specific clinical effects. The latter are probably determined by other neurochemical effects, including changes in the density of postsynaptic receptors and an increase in the synthesis of neurotrophic factors. However, the primary mechanisms that increase monoamine concentrations in the synapses might not always “work properly”, leading to the lack of efficacy of the initial antidepressant, while the probability of the therapeutic response to the subsequent antidepressant remains rather high. Thus, the efficacy of an antidepressant may depend on the baseline differences in the neurochemical state contributing to the pathological “depressive” homeostasis. The heterogeneous neurochemical effects of antidepressants can determine the dissociation of existing neuronal interactions, leading to the development of the new — druginduced — homeostasis. At the same time, it is possible that stimulation of general neurotrophic processes by antidepressants may contribute to the progression and chronicity of pathology due to the ambiguous influence on certain stages of the pathological process. This determines the significance of neurophysiological studies of central disturbances in depression and search of fundamentally new neurochemical targets for the treatment of depressive states associated with various mental disorders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антидепрессанты</kwd><kwd>фармакодинамика</kwd><kwd>моноамины</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>метаболизм</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antidepressants</kwd><kwd>pharmacodynamics</kwd><kwd>monoamines</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>metabolism</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бехтерева Н.П., Камбарова Д.К., Поздеев В.К. Устойчивое патологическое состояние при болезнях мозга. Л.: Mедицина. 1978:240.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekhtereva N.P., Kambarova D.K., Pozdeev V.K. 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