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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2022-56-2-8-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-683</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-S0LVING ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Шизоаффективное расстройство: прошлое и настоящее гибридной конструкции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Schizoaffective disorder: the past and the future of hybrid construction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1438-1890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снедков</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Snedkov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Снедков Евгений Владимирович — д.м.н., профессор, врач-психиатр; профессор кафедры психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii V. Snedkov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esnedkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3698-0472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веракса</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veraksa</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Веракса Анастасия Евгеньевна — младший научный сотрудник; врач-психотерапевт</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia E. Veraksa</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cae08@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-8341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мучник</surname><given-names>П. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muchnik</surname><given-names>P. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мучник Петр Юрьевич — заведующий дневным стационаром — врач-психиатр; ассистент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr Y. Muchnik</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">peter-ne@yadnex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Психиатрическая больница Святого Николая Чудотворца; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Psychiatric Hospital of St. Nicolas Wonderworker; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Психиатрическая больница Святого Николая Чудотворца; Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Psychiatric Hospital of St. Nicolas Wonderworker; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>56</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Снедков Е.В., Веракса А.Е., Мучник П.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Снедков Е.В., Веракса А.Е., Мучник П.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Snedkov E.V., Veraksa A.E., Muchnik P.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/683">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/683</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье аргументируется несоответствие между искусственной конструкцией «шизоаффективного расстройства» (ШАР) и принципами нозологической диагностики. Термин «острые шизоаффективные психозы», введённый Я. Казаниным в 1933 году, по сей день является спорной нозологической единицей и устанавливается во многих случаях по «дихотомической шкале» путём «взвешивания» шизофренических и аффективных симптомов «на срезе» психотического эпизода. При рассмотрении истории создания концепции ШАР наблюдается тенденция к редукционизму и поиску универсальных проявлений. Каждый отдельный клинический случай необходимо рассматривать целостно. Недопустимо извлекать из общего восприятия болезни отдельные признаки (не укладывающихся в синдромальные структуры). Однако это требование находится в противоречии с существующими тенденциями к упрощению, дискретности и потере клинического мышления в классификаторах болезней. Несостоятельность имеющихся диагностических подходов и критериев для разграничения ШАР, биполярного аффективного расстройства и шизофрении способствует тому, что диагноз пациента основывается на субъективных предпочтениях конкретного врача и может быть многократно изменен в течение жизни пациента. Результаты поисков фенотипа и генотипа соответствующих расстройств отчасти проливают свет на особенности диагностики, но в то же время некоторые исследователи искусственно соединяют отдельно взятые полученные свойства, делая при этом некорректные выводы; зачастую такое тождество просто не имеет смысла. Авторы поддерживают мнение специалистов, предполагающих существование «третьего психоза» или даже нескольких дискретных форм болезней, которые наряду с нераспознанными приступами биполярного психоза и шубообразных шизофрений до сих пор ошибочно растворяются в дихотомическом/дименсиональном гибриде ШАР. Диагностика с учетом катамнеза, закономерностей течения, патофизиологических изменений и психопатологической структуры имеет не только клиническую ценность, но и отвечает за подбор эффективного лечения, корректных мер профилактики, влияет на социальный статус и, в конечном счёте, на качество жизни пациента.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article argues for the discrepancy between the artificial construction of «schizoaffective disorder» (SAD) and the principles of nosological diagnostics. The term of «acute schizoaffective psychoses», was introduced by Y. Kazanin in 1933, is still remain a controversial nosological unit. This diagnosis often made at the cut of a psychotic episode on a «dichotomous scale» by «weighing» schizophrenic and affective symptoms. In the history of the creation of the concept of SAD, there is a tendency towards reductionism and the search for universal manifestations. Each individual clinical case must be considered holistically. It is unacceptable to extract the individual signs (which does not fit syndromal structures) from general picture of the disease. However, this requirement is in contradiction with the current trends towards simplification, discreteness and loss of clinical thinking in currents classifications of diseases. The inadequacy of the available diagnostic approaches and criteria for distinguishing between SAD, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia leads to the fact that the patient’s diagnosis is based on the subjective preferences of a clinician, and during patient’s life can many times be changed. The results of the the phenotype and genotype of the corresponding disorders searching partially shed light on the features of the diagnosis; but at the same time, some researchers are artificially combine the discrete properties and coming to incorrect conclusions; often such an identity simply does not make sense. The authors join opinion of experts who suggesting the existence of a «third psychosis» or even several discrete forms of diseases, which, along with unrecognized attacks of bipolar psychosis and schizophrenia are still mistakenly dissolved in the dichotomous / dimensional hybrid SAD. Diagnostics, taking into account the follow-up, regularities of the course, pathophysiological changes and psychopathological structure, has not only clinical value, but is also responsible for the selection of effective treatment, correct preventive measures, affects the social status and, ultimately, the quality of life of the patient.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шизоаффективное расстройство</kwd><kwd>феноменология</kwd><kwd>симптомы первого ранга Шнайдера</kwd><kwd>психиатрическая нозология</kwd><kwd>классификации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Schizoaffective disorder</kwd><kwd>phenomenology</kwd><kwd>Schneider’s first rank symptoms</kwd><kwd>psychiatric nosology</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ануфриев А.К. О структуре и динамике приступов рекуррентной шизофрении. 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