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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2022-4-8-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-743</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Когнитивный дефицит у детей (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cognitive deficit in children (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6216-7728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Автенюк</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avtenyuk</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Сергеевич Автенюк, к. м. н., научный сотрудник</p><p>отделение детской психиатрии</p><p>192019</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, 3</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>тел. 8-812-670-02-20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton S. Avtenyuk</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anonim-box@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-3846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Владимирович Макаров, д. м. н., профессор, руководитель отделения, профессор, главный внештатный детский специалист-психиатр в Северо-Западном федеральном округе, председатель секции детской психиатрии</p><p>отделение детской психиатрии</p><p>кафедра психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Makarov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ppsy@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8189-1479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емелина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Андреевна Емелина, к. м. н., научный сотрудник</p><p>отделение детской психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. Emelina</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dashaberkos@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3045-333X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанов</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanov</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рауф Фаикович Гасанов, к. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>отделение детской психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rauf F.Gasanov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raufgasanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-2453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Владимирович Кравченко, к. м. н., научный сотрудник</p><p>отделение детской психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Kravchenko</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bambrs@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3867-548X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохоренко</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorenko</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Сергеевна Прохоренко, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>отделение детской психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Prokhorenko</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fabulakati@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В. М. Бехтерева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В. М. Бехтерева; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова; Российское общество психиатров</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>56</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Автенюк А.С., Макаров И.В., Емелина Д.А., Гасанов Р.Ф., Кравченко И.В., Прохоренко Е.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Автенюк А.С., Макаров И.В., Емелина Д.А., Гасанов Р.Ф., Кравченко И.В., Прохоренко Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avtenyuk A.S., Makarov I.V., Emelina D.A., Gasanov R.F., Kravchenko I.V., Prokhorenko E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/743">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/743</self-uri><abstract><p>   В обзорной статье представлены дефиниция понятия «когнитивный дефицит», эпидемиологические показатели и некоторые этиопатогенетические механизмы психических расстройств детского возраста, сопровождающиеся нарушением когнитивных функций, указаны экспериментально-психологические методики, используемые в диагностике когнитивных нарушений. Причины, приводящие к когнитивному дефициту у детей, разнообразны и включают практически все расстройства развития, такие как умственная отсталость, задержка психического развития, аутизм и СДВГ. Распространенность психических расстройств, сопровождающихся когнитивным дефицитом, очень высока, несмотря на значительные достижения в психофармакологии и реабилитологии. Тем временем, сохранение когнитивного функционирования индивида является одной из важнейших задач здравоохранения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   In the review article, the authors provide the definition of the term «cognitive deficit», epidemiology and possible etiological and pathogenic pathways of child psychiatric disorders, accompanied by cognitive dysfunction, as well as experimental psychological methods which are used to diagnose cognitive deficit. Reasons which lead to cognitive deficit in children are diverse and include almost all neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability, developmental delay, autism and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. The prevalence of psychiatric conditions accompanied by cognitive impairment is extremely high, in spite of substantial achievement in psychopharmacology and rehabilitation. Meanwhile, preservation of human cognitive functioning is the most important mission of the heath-care system.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивный дефицит</kwd><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>умственная отсталость</kwd><kwd>задержка психоречевого развития</kwd><kwd>СДВГ</kwd><kwd>аутизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive deficit</kwd><kwd>cognitive functions</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>mental retardation</kwd><kwd>ADHD</kwd><kwd>autism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агрис А. Р. Когнитивные и личностные особенности детей с низким темпом деятельности и синдромом дефицита внимания / А. Р. Агрис // Психология специального и инклюзивного образования. – 2013. –1: 5-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agris A. R. 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