bekhterevОбозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.БехтереваV.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY2313-70532713-055XV. M. BEKHTEREV NATIONAL RESEARCH MEDICAL CENTER FOR PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH10.31363/2313-7053-2023-699bekhterev-802Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWНейровоспаление и его роль в патогенезе синдрома дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью (обзор литературы)Neuroinflammation and its role in the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3045-333XГасановР. Ф.GasanovR. F.

Гасанов Рауф Фаикович - к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отделения детской психиатрии

Санкт-Петербург

Rauf F. Gasanov

Saint-Petersburg

raufgasanov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-3846МакаровИ. В.MakarovI. V.

Макаров Игорь Владимирович - д.м.н., профессор, руководитель отделения детской психиатрии; профессор кафедры психиатрии и наркологии; главный внештатный детский специалист психиатр Минздрава России в Северо-Западном федеральном округе, председатель секции детской психиатрии Российского общества психиатров

Санкт-Петербург

Igor V. Makarov

Saint-Petersburg

ppsy@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8189-1479ЕмелинаД. А.EmelinaD. A.

Емелина Дарья Андреевна - к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения детской психиатрии

Санкт-Петербург

Daria A. Emelina

Saint-Petersburg

dashaberkos@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6216-7728АвтенюкА. С.AvtenukA. S.

Автенюк Антон Сергеевич - к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения детской психиатрии

Санкт-Петербург

Anton S. Avtenuk

Saint-Petersburg

Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. БехтереваРоссияV.M. Bekhterev National medical research center for psychiatry and neurologyRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. МечниковаРоссияV.M. Bekhterev National medical research center for psychiatry and neurology; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. MechnikovRussian Federation202308042023571822Copyright © Гасанов Р.Ф., Макаров И.В., Емелина Д.А., Автенюк А.С., 20232023Гасанов Р.Ф., Макаров И.В., Емелина Д.А., Автенюк А.С.Gasanov R.F., Makarov I.V., Emelina D.A., Avtenuk A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/802

В статье рассматривается роль воспалительных реакций в формировании синдрома дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью (СДВГ). На широком и современном материале рассматриваются механизмы развития окислительного стресса с образованием свободных радикалов, которые, в свою очередь, инициируют каскад воспалительных реакций. Подробно разбираются факторы воспаления, выделяются биомаркеры нейровоспаления и раскрывается их роль в изменении нейротрасмиттерного баланса. Биомаркеры нейровоспаления, выделенные у пациентов с СДВГ, дают противоречивые результаты в некоторых частных вопросах, которые, безусловно требуют уточнения. Но в целом обнаруживают, что усиление воспаления на ранних стадиях развития мозга, по-видимому, связано с фенотипом СДВГ. СДВГ, как принято считать, — наследственное заболевание; следовательно, можно ожидать, что у пациентов присутствуют полиморфизмы генов, связанных с воспалением, что проиллюстрировано на широком материале.Кроме того, рассматриваются проблемы индукции нейровоспаления традиционными для лечения СДВГ препаратами: метилфенидатом и атомоксетином. Отмечается перспективность разработки алгоритмов диагностики и терапии синдрома дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью.

The article discusses the role of inflammatory reactions in the formation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Based on a wide and modern material, the mechanisms of development of oxidative stress with the formation of free radicals are considered, which, in turn, initiate a cascade of inflammatory reactions. Inflammation factors are analyzed in detail, biomarkers of neuroinflammation are distinguished and their role in changing the neurotransmitter balance is revealed. Biomarkers of neuroinflammation isolated from patients with ADHD give conflicting results in some particular issues, which certainly require clarification. But in general, it is found that increased inflammation in the early stages of brain development seems to be associated with the ADHD phenotype. ADHD is commonly believed to be a hereditary disease; therefore, it can be expected that patients have polymorphisms of genes associated with inflammation, which is illustrated in a wide range of material. In addition, the problems of inducing neuroinflammation with traditional drugs for the treatment of ADHD: methylphenidate and atomoxetine are considered. The prospects of developing algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are noted.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.