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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2023-679</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-809</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИКУЮЩЕМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GUIDELINES FOR THE PRACTITIONER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиника и патофизиология обманов сенсорного восприятия в научных воззрениях Виктора Кандинского</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinic and pathophysiology of false sensory perceptions in the scientific views of Viktor Kandinsky</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1438-1890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снедков</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Snedkov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Снедков Евгений Владимирович - д.м.н., профессор, врач-психиатр; профессор кафедры психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii V. Snedkov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esnedkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3698-0472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веракса</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veraksa</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Веракса Анастасия Евгеньевна - младший научный сотрудник; врач-психотерапевт</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia E. Veraksa</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cae08@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-8341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мучник</surname><given-names>П. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muchnik</surname><given-names>P. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мучник Петр Юрьевич - заведующий дневным стационаром — врач-психиатр; ассистент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr Y. Muchnik</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">peter-ne@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Психиатрическая больница святого Николая Чудотворца; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Psychiatric Hospital of St. Nicolas Wonderworker; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Психиатрическая больница святого Николая Чудотворца; Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Psychiatric Hospital of St. Nicolas Wonderworker; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>57</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Снедков Е.В., Веракса А.Е., Мучник П.Ю., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Снедков Е.В., Веракса А.Е., Мучник П.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Snedkov E.V., Veraksa A.E., Muchnik P.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/809">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/809</self-uri><abstract><p>В монографии «Kritische und klinische Betrachtungen im Gebiete der Sinnestäuschungen» (1885) и в её русском варианте «О псевдогаллюцинациях» (1890) В.Х. Кандинский впервые в мире представил детальную дифференциацию клинических форм сенсорных обманов, выделив простые галлюцинации, сноподобные галлюцинации и две разновидности псевдогаллюцинаций. Здесь же он изложил описания феноменов, внешне напоминающих обманы чувств, но ими не являющихся. К ним он отнёс насильственную речь, некоторые формы патологии идеаторной сферы и патологии сферы воображения.Ряд описанных автором ментальных состояний позже вошли в психиатрический лексикон под новыми названиями: «речедвигательные галлюцинации» (Séglas), «бред воображения» (Dupré и Logre), «аутистическое мышление» (Bleuler), «гипотония сознания» (Berze), «онейроидная форма переживания» (Mayer-Gross). Клинические описания Кандинский дополнил оригинальной патофизиологической гипотезой. Автор полагал, что в актах сенсорного восприятия и в происхождении форм его обманов в разной конфигурации участвуют таламус, специфичные для каждой модальности и мультимодальные клеточные группы сенсорной коры, центры абстрактных (символизированных) представлений и центр Брока; важнейшее значение имеют состояние лобных функций и характер отражения образов восприятия в сознании. Свою гипотезу автор проиллюстрировал схемами дифференцированного вовлечения таламокортикальных и транскортикальных сетей. В статье проанализированы причины, из-за которых гипотеза Кандинского до последнего времени оставалась неизвестной специалистам, а его описания форм сенсорных обманов преподавались в искажённом или упрощённом виде. Хотя целевая проверка гипотезы никогда не проводилась, все основные её положения подтверждены результатами современных исследований. Российские психиатры успешно применяют разработанную Кандинским систематику галлюцинаций в клинической практике. Остающаяся по сей день единственной, клинико-патофизиологическая гипотеза Кандинского чрезвычайно перспективна для изучения этиопатогенеза психических болезней и разработки эффективных средств их лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the monograph «Kritische und klinische Betrachtungen im Gebiete der Sinnestäuschungen» (1885) and in its Russian version «On pseudohallucinations» (1890) V.Kh. Kandinsky was the first in the world to present a detailed differentiation of clinical forms of false sensory perceptions, specificating simple hallucinations, dream-like hallucinations and two varieties of pseudohallucinations. He set out descriptions of phenomena that resemble false perceptions, but are not them: unvoluntary speech, some forms of pathology of the ideation sphere, and pathology of the imaginary sphere. Several mental states described by the author later entered the psychiatric lexicon under new names: «speech-motor hallucinations» (Séglas), «delusion of the imagination» (Dupré and Logre), «autistic thinking» (Bleuler), «hypotonia of consciousness» (Berze), «oneiroid form of experience» (Mayer-Gross). Kandinsky supplemented clinical descriptions with an original pathophysiological hypothesis. The author believed that the thalamus, specific to each modality and multimodal cell groups of the sensory cortex, centers of abstract (symbolized) representations, and Broca’s center are involved in various configurations in the acts of sensory perception and the origin of the forms of his deceptions; the state of the frontal functions and the nature of the reflection of images of perception in consciousness are of paramount importance.The author illustrated his hypothesis with schemes of differentiated involvement of thalamocortical and transcortical networks. This article analyzes the reasons why Kandinsky’s hypothesis remained unknown to specialists until recently, and his descriptions of the forms of false sensory perceptions were taught in a distorted or simplified form. Despite the target testing of the hypothesis having never been carried out, all its main provisions are confirmed by the results of modern research. Russian psychiatrists successfully apply the systematics of hallucinations developed by Kandinsky in clinical practice. Remaining to this day the only clinical and pathophysiological hypothesis, Kandinsky´s clinical and pathophysiological hypothesis is extremely promising for studying the etiopathogenesis of mental illness and developing effective means of treating them.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ложное восприятие</kwd><kwd>простые галлюцинации</kwd><kwd>сноподобные галлюцинации</kwd><kwd>псевдогаллюцинации</kwd><kwd>насильственная речь</kwd><kwd>сознание</kwd><kwd>воображение</kwd><kwd>абстрактные представления</kwd><kwd>сенсорные пути</kwd><kwd>область Брока</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>функциональная связность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>false perception</kwd><kwd>simple hallucinations</kwd><kwd>dream-like hallucinations</kwd><kwd>pseudohallucinations</kwd><kwd>involuntary speaking</kwd><kwd>consciousness</kwd><kwd>imagination</kwd><kwd>abstract concepts</kwd><kwd>sensory pathways</kwd><kwd>Broca’s area</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>functional connectivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вундт В. 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