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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2023-612</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-824</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мелатонин в регуляции жизнедеятельности человека и его роль в развитии патологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Melatonin in the regulation of human life and its role in development pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5413-9460</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шилова Анастасия Витальевна—врач-рентгенолог</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya V. Shilova</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stasya.parf@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-0437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананьева</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananyeva</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ананьева Наталия Исаевна—д.м.н., профессор, заведующий отделением лучевой диагностики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia I. Ananyeva</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ananieva_n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5847-4936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафонова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safonova</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафонова Наталья Юрьевна—к.м.н., с.н.с. отделения нейровизуализационных исследований</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia Yu. Safonova</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">astarta10@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-7268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукина Лариса Викторовна—к.м.н., с.н.с., руководитель отделения нейровизуализационных исследований</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa V. Lukina</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">larisalu@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology; St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>57</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шилова А.В., Ананьева Н.И., Сафонова Н.Ю., Лукина Л.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шилова А.В., Ананьева Н.И., Сафонова Н.Ю., Лукина Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shilova A.V., Ananyeva N.I., Safonova N.Y., Lukina L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/824">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/824</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью нашего исследования было изучить доступные для анализа литературные данные о роли мелатонина в возникновении неврологических и психических расстройств. Материалы и методы: для составления обзора литературы по ключевым словам были отобраны и проанализированы статьи в базах MEDLINE/ PubMed и e-library с 1993 по 2021 гг. Для детального анализа были отобраны 42 литературных источников, посвященных роли мелатонина в развитии неврологических и психических расстройств. Результаты: мелатонин представляет собой гормон, обладающий уникальными адаптивными возможностями. Нарушение его продукции как количественно, так и его ритма является пусковым моментом, приводящим на начальных этапах к десинхронозу, за которым следует возникновение органической патологии. Следовательно, сам факт нарушения продукции мелатонина может являться причиной возникновения различных заболеваний. Было установлено, что объем шишковидной железы может изменяться с развитием различных видов неврологических и психических заболеваний, что связывают с нарушением синтеза мелатонина и серотонина. У мелатонина обнаружены важные протективные свойства при болезни Альцгеймера—способность тормозить образование в мозге бета-амилоидного пептида, являющегося морфологической основой данного заболевания. Такая же корреляция была обнаружена у пациентов с аутизмом, психозами и обсессивно-компульсивным расстройством в сравнении со здоровыми добровольцами. Касаясь нейропротекторных свойств мелатонина, следует отметить его эффективность при возрасто-зависимых заболеваниях (болезни Альцгеймера, Паркинсона, сосудистые заболевания). Заключение: Мелатонин можно рассматривать как уникальный биорегулятор, адаптоген и стабилизатор деятельности всего организма и, в частности, функций центральной нервной системы. Доказано, что нарушение обмена мелатонина приводит к различным неврологическим и психическим расстройствам.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of our study was to research the literature data available for analysis of the melatonin role in the neurological and mental disorders origin. Materials and methods: to compile a literature review by keywords, articles there were selected and analyzed in the MEDLINE / PubMed and e-library databases from 1993 to 2021. For a detailed analysis, 42 literature sources were selected for the melatonin role in the development of neurological and mental disorders. Results: Melatonin is a hormone with unique adaptive capabilities. Violation of its production, both quantitatively and its rhythm, is the starting point, leading at the initial stages to desynchronizes, followed by the emergence of organic pathology. Consequently, the very fact of a violation of melatonin production can be the cause of various diseases. It was found that the volume of the pineal gland can change with the development of various types of neurological and psychiatric diseases, which is associated with a violation of the synthesis of melatonin and serotonin. Melatonin has been found to have important protective properties in Alzheimer’s disease—the ability to inhibit the formation of betaamyloid peptide in the brain, which is the morphological basis of this disease. The same correlation was found in patients with autism, psychosis and obsessive-compulsive disorder compared with healthy volunteers. Regarding the neuroprotective properties of melatonin, it should be noted its effectiveness in age-related diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, vascular diseases) Conclusion: Melatonin can be considered as a unique bioregulator, adaptogen and stabilizer of the whole organism and, in particular, the functions of the central nervous system. It has been proven that disruption of melatonin metabolism leads to various neurological and mental disorders. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпифиз</kwd><kwd>шишковидная железа</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>киста</kwd><kwd>десинхроноз</kwd><kwd>мелатонин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epiphysis</kwd><kwd>pineal gland</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>cyst</kwd><kwd>desynchronozes</kwd><kwd>melatonin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ананьева Н.И., Лукина Л.В., Андреев Е.В., Са- ломатина Т.А., Парфенова А.В., Гребенщикова Р.В. Гендерные различия объема структур го- ловного мозга в аспекте физиологического ста- рения. Успехи геронтологии.2021;34-4:352-359.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anan’eva NI, Lukina LV, Andreev EV, Salomatina TA, Parfenova AV, Grebenshchikova RV. 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