bekhterevОбозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.БехтереваV.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY2313-70532713-055XV. M. BEKHTEREV NATIONAL RESEARCH MEDICAL CENTER FOR PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH10.31363/2313-7053-2023-632bekhterev-826Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАНИЯINVESTIGATIONSСвязь нарушенного типа привязанности и черт «темной триады» у пациентов с пограничным расстройством личности (пилотное исследование)Relationship between impaired attachment type and dark triad traits in patients with borderline personality disorder (pilot study)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3723-0507КуфтякЕ. В.KuftyakE. V.

Куфтяк Елена Владимировна—доктор психологических наук, профессор

Москва, проспект Вернадского, дом 82, 119571

Elena V. Kuftyak

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-0085СлюсаревА. С.SlyusarevA. S.

Слюсарев Артем Сергеевич—главный внештатный психиатр, кандидат медицинских наук

Госпитальная площадь, дом 3, корп. 21, Москва

Artem S. Slyusarev

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-731XПалинА. В.PalinA. V.

Палин Александр Васильевич—врач-психиатр, заведующий центром психолого-психотерапевтической помощи

Москва

Aleksandr V. Palin

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-1535КозловМ. Ю.KozlovM. Yu.

Козлов Михаил Юрьевич—медицинский психолог

Москва, Потешная улица, дом 3, 107076

Mikhail Yu. Kozlov

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1474-1497ИваницкаяЕ. Д.IvanitskayaE. D.

Иваницкая Елизавета Денисовна—медицинский психолог

Москва, Потешная улица, дом 3, 107076

Elizaveta D. Ivanitskaya

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-1915РумянцеваЮ. М.RumyancevaYu. M.

Румянцева Юлия Михайловна—медицинский психолог

Москва, Потешная улица, дом 3, 107076

Yulia M. Rumyanceva

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7081-219XБагрянцевГ. В.BagryancevG. V.

Багрянцев Глеб Владимирович—врач-психотерапевт

Москва, Потешная улица, дом 3, 107076

Gleb V. Bagryancev

Moscow

Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской ФедерацииРоссияThe Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public AdministrationRussian FederationГлавный военный клинический госпиталь им. акад. Н.Н. БурденкоРоссияMain Military Clinical Hospital named after acad. N.N. BurdenkoRussian FederationПсихиатрическая клиническая больница №4 им П. Б. ГаннушкинаРоссияPsychiatric Clinical Hospital № 4 named after P.B. GannushkinRussian Federation2023140620235724049Copyright © Куфтяк Е.В., Слюсарев А.С., Палин А.В., Козлов М.Ю., Иваницкая Е.Д., Румянцева Ю.М., Багрянцев Г.В., 20232023Куфтяк Е.В., Слюсарев А.С., Палин А.В., Козлов М.Ю., Иваницкая Е.Д., Румянцева Ю.М., Багрянцев Г.В.Kuftyak E.V., Slyusarev A.S., Palin A.V., Kozlov M.Y., Ivanitskaya E.D., Rumyanceva Y.M., Bagryancev G.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/826

В исследовании показано, как ненадежные типы привязанности (тревожный и избегающий) связаны с чертами «темной триады» (нарциссизм, психопатия и макиавеллизм) на выборке пациентов, страдающих пограничным расстройством личности. Было выявлено, что среди респондентов наибольшая взаимосвязь была выявлена у индивидов с преобладанием тревожного типа привязанности, у которых обнаружено статистически значимое заострение таких черт, как импульсивность, манипулятивность, недостаток сочувствия и эмпатии («психопатии»). И слабо выраженные, относительно выборки, черты демонстративности, эгоцентризма, завышенной самооценки («нарциссизма») и «макиавеллианских» черт: слабой ориентации на моральные нормы, фиксации на персональной выгоде. Надежных данных о связи избегающего типа и черт темной триады в ходе исследования получено не было, однако, и избегающий, и тревожный тип значимо коррелируют с низким уровнем психологического благополучия среди пациентов с пограничным расстройством личности. 

The study shows how insecure attachment types (anxious and avoidant) are associated with traits of the «dark triad» (narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism) in a sample of patients with borderline personality disorder. It was found that among the respondents, the greatest relationship was found in individuals with a predominance of the anxious type of attachment, who showed a statistically significant sharpening of such traits as: impulsiveness, manipulativeness, lack of sympathy and empathy («psychopathy»). And weakly expressed, relative to the sample, traits of demonstrativeness, egocentrism, inflated self-esteem (“narcissism”) and “Machiavellian” traits: a weak focus on moral standards, fixation on personal gain. There were no reliable data on the relationship between the avoidant type and dark triad traits in the course of the study, however, avoidant and anxious types are significantly correlated with low levels of psychological well-being among patients with borderline personality disorder. 

небезопасная привязанностьпограничное расстройство личности«темная триада»психологическое благополучие«большая пятерка»insecure attachmentborderline personality disorder«dark triad»psychological well-being«big five»ReferencesЕгорова М.С., Ситникова М.А., Паршикова О.В. Адаптация Короткого опросника Темной триады. Психологические исследования. 2015;8(43):1–12.Egorova MS, Sitnikova MA, Parshikova OV. Adaptation of the short dark triad. Psihologicheskie issledovaniya. 2015;8(43):1–12. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v8i43.1052Корнилова Т.В., Корнилов С.А., Чумакова М.А., Талмач М.С. Методика диагностики личностных черт «темной триады»: апробация опросника «темная дюжина». Психологический журнал. 2015;36(2):99–112.Kornilova TV, Kornilov SA, CHumakova MA, Talmach MS. The dark triad personality traits measure: approbation of the dirty dozen questionnaire. Psihologicheskij zhurnal. 2015;36(2):99–112. (In Russ.).Сабельникова Н.В., Каширский Д.В. Опросник привязанности к близким людям. Психологический журнал. 2015;36(4):84–97.Sabel’nikova NV, Kashirskij DV. Attachment to close people questionnaire. Psihologicheskij zhurnal. 2015;36(4):84–97. (In Russ.).Сергеева А.С., Кириллов Б.А., Джумагулова А.Ф. Перевод и адаптация краткого пятифакторного опросника личности (TIPI-RU): оценка конвергентной валидности, внутренней согласованности и тест-ретестовой надежности. Экспериментальная психология. 2016;9(3);138– 154. https://doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2016090311Sergeeva AS, Kirillov BA, Dzhumagulova AF. Translation and adaptation of short five factor personality questionnaire (TIPI-RU): convergent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability evaluation. Eksperimental’naya psikhologiya. 2016;9(3):138–154. https://doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2016090311Шевеленкова Т.Д., Фесенко Т.П. Психологическое благополучие личности. Психологическая диагностика. 2005;3:95–121.Shevelenkova TD, Fesenko TP. Psychological well-being personality. Psihologicheskaya diagnostika. 2005;3:95–121. (In Russ.).Agrawal HR, Gunderson J, Holmes BM, LyonsRuth K. Attachment Studies with Borderline Patients: A Review. Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 2004;12(2):94–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/10673220490447218Agrawal HR, Gunderson J, Holmes BM, LyonsRuth K. Attachment Studies with Borderline Patients: A Review. Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 2004;12(2):94–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/10673220490447218Barone L. Developmental protective and risk factors in borderline personality disorder: A study using the Adult Attachment Interview. Attachment & Human Development. 2003;5(1):64–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461673031000078634Barone L. Developmental protective and risk factors in borderline personality disorder: A study using the Adult Attachment Interview. Attachment & Human Development. 2003;5(1):64–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461673031000078634Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM. Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a fourcategory model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1991;61(2):226–244. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM. Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a fourcategory model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1991;61(2):226–244. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226Brewer G, Bennett C, Davidson L, Ireen A, Phipps AJ, Stewart-Wilkes D, Wilson B. Dark triad traits and romantic relationship attachment, accommodation, and control. Personality and Individual Differences. 2018;120:202–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.008Brewer G, Bennett C, Davidson L, Ireen A, Phipps AJ, Stewart-Wilkes D, Wilson B. Dark triad traits and romantic relationship attachment, accommodation, and control. Personality and Individual Differences. 2018;120:202–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.008Buchheim A, Diamond D. Attachment and Borderline Personality Disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2018;41(4):651–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.010Buchheim A, Diamond D. Attachment and Borderline Personality Disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2018;41(4):651–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.010Cailhol L, Gicquel L, Raynaud JP. Borderline personality disorder. IACAPAP e-Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Rey JM, editor. Geneva: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions. 2015;4:1–17.Cailhol L, Gicquel L, Raynaud JP. Borderline personality disorder. IACAPAP e-Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Rey JM, editor. Geneva: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions. 2015;4:1–17.Cloitre M, Garvert DW, Weiss B, Carlson EB, Bryant RA. Distinguishing PTSD, Complex PTSD, and Borderline Personality Disorder: A latent class analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2014;5:10. 3402/ejpt.v5.25097. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25097Cloitre M, Garvert DW, Weiss B, Carlson EB, Bryant RA. Distinguishing PTSD, Complex PTSD, and Borderline Personality Disorder: A latent class analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2014;5:10. 3402/ejpt.v5.25097. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25097Diamond D, Clarkin J, Levine H, Levy KN, Foelsch P, Yeomans F. Borderline conditions and attachment: A preliminary report. Psychoanalytic Inquiry. 1999;19(5):831–884. https://doi.org/10.1080/07351699909534278Diamond D, Clarkin J, Levine H, Levy KN, Foelsch P, Yeomans F. Borderline conditions and attachment: A preliminary report. Psychoanalytic Inquiry. 1999;19(5):831–884. https://doi.org/10.1080/07351699909534278Fonagy P, Luyten P, Strathearn L. Borderline personality disorder, mentalization, and the neurobiology of attachment. 2011;32(1):47–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20283Fonagy P, Luyten P, Strathearn L. Borderline personality disorder, mentalization, and the neurobiology of attachment. 2011;32(1):47–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20283Fonagy P, Target M, Gergely G. Attachment and borderline personality disorder. 2000;23(1):103– 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70146-5Fonagy P, Target M, Gergely G. Attachment and borderline personality disorder. 2000;23(1):103– 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70146-5Fonagy P. Attachment and Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. 2000;48(4):1129–1146. https://doi.org/10.1177/00030651000480040701Fonagy P. Attachment and Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. 2000;48(4):1129–1146. https://doi.org/10.1177/00030651000480040701Godbout N, Daspe M-È, Runtz M, Cyr G, Briere J. Childhood maltreatment, attachment, and borderline personality–related symptoms: Genderspecific structural equation models. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2019;11(1):90–98. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000403Godbout N, Daspe M-È, Runtz M, Cyr G, Briere J. Childhood maltreatment, attachment, and borderline personality–related symptoms: Genderspecific structural equation models. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2019;11(1):90–98. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000403Herman JL, Perry JC, van der Kolk BA. Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1989;146(4):490–495. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.146.4.490Herman JL, Perry JC, van der Kolk BA. Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1989;146(4):490–495. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.146.4.490Hobson RP, Patrick M, Crandell L, García–Pérez R, Lee A. Personal relatedness and attachment in infants of mothers with borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology. 2005;17(2):329–347. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579405050169Hobson RP, Patrick M, Crandell L, García–Pérez R, Lee A. Personal relatedness and attachment in infants of mothers with borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology. 2005;17(2):329–347. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579405050169Holmes J. Disorganized attachment and Borderline Personality Disorder: A clinical perspective. Attachment & Human Development. 2004;6(2):181–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730410001688202Holmes J. Disorganized attachment and Borderline Personality Disorder: A clinical perspective. Attachment & Human Development. 2004;6(2):181–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730410001688202Khoury JE, Zona K, Bertha E, Choi-Kain L, Hennighausen K, Lyons-Ruth K. Disorganized Attachment Interactions Among Young Adults With Borderline Personality Disorder, Other Diagnoses, and No Diagnosis. J Pers Disord. 2020;34(6):764-784. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2019_33_408Khoury JE, Zona K, Bertha E, Choi-Kain L, Hennighausen K, Lyons-Ruth K. Disorganized Attachment Interactions Among Young Adults With Borderline Personality Disorder, Other Diagnoses, and No Diagnosis. J Pers Disord. 2020;34(6):764-784. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2019_33_408Levy KN, Beeney JE, Temes CM. Attachment and its Vicissitudes in Borderline Personality Disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2010;13(1):50–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-010-0169-8Levy KN, Beeney JE, Temes CM. Attachment and its Vicissitudes in Borderline Personality Disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2010;13(1):50–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-010-0169-8Levy KN, Meehan KB, Weber M, Reynoso J, Clarkin JF. Attachment and Borderline Personality Disorder: Implications for Psychotherapy. Psychopathology. 2005;38(2):64–74. https://doi.org/10.1159/000084813Levy KN, Meehan KB, Weber M, Reynoso J, Clarkin JF. Attachment and Borderline Personality Disorder: Implications for Psychotherapy. Psychopathology. 2005;38(2):64–74. https://doi.org/10.1159/000084813Levy KN. The implications of attachment theory and research for understanding borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology. 2005;17(4):959–986. doi: 10.1017/S0954579405050455Levy KN. The implications of attachment theory and research for understanding borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology. 2005;17(4):959–986. doi: 10.1017/S0954579405050455Melges FT, Swartz MS. Oscillations of attachment in borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1989;146(9):1115–1120. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.146.9.1115Melges FT, Swartz MS. Oscillations of attachment in borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1989;146(9):1115–1120. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.146.9.1115Miljkovitch R. Deborde A-S, Bernier A, Corcos M, Speranza M, Pham-Scottez A. (2018). Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence as a Generalization of Disorganized Attachment. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018;9:1962. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.Miljkovitch R. Deborde A-S, Bernier A, Corcos M, Speranza M, Pham-Scottez A. (2018). Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence as a Generalization of Disorganized Attachment. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018;9:1962. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.Miller J, Dir A, Gentile B, Wilson L, Pryor L, Campbell WK. Searching for a Vulnerable Dark Triad: Comparing Factor 2 Psychopathy, Vulnerable Narcissism, and Borderline Personality Disorder. 2010;78(5):1529–1564. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00660.xMiller J, Dir A, Gentile B, Wilson L, Pryor L, Campbell WK. Searching for a Vulnerable Dark Triad: Comparing Factor 2 Psychopathy, Vulnerable Narcissism, and Borderline Personality Disorder. 2010;78(5):1529–1564. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00660.xNickell AD, Waudby CJ, Trull TJ. Attachment, Parental Bonding and Borderline Personality Disorder Features in Young Adults. Journal of Personality Disorders. 2002;16(2):148–159. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.16.2.148.22544Nickell AD, Waudby CJ, Trull TJ. Attachment, Parental Bonding and Borderline Personality Disorder Features in Young Adults. Journal of Personality Disorders. 2002;16(2):148–159. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.16.2.148.22544Peng W, Liu Z, Liu Q, Chu J, Zheng K, Wang J, Wei H, Zhong M, Ling Yu, Yi J. Insecure attachment and maladaptive emotion regulation mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and borderline personality features. Depression and Anxiety. 2020;1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23082Peng W, Liu Z, Liu Q, Chu J, Zheng K, Wang J, Wei H, Zhong M, Ling Yu, Yi J. Insecure attachment and maladaptive emotion regulation mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and borderline personality features. Depression and Anxiety. 2020;1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23082Seligman M. Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being. Atria Books; 2012.Seligman M. Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being. Atria Books; 2012.Steele H, Siever L. An Attachment Perspective on Borderline Personality Disorder: Advances in Gene– Environment Considerations. 2010;12(1):61–67.Steele H, Siever L. An Attachment Perspective on Borderline Personality Disorder: Advances in Gene– Environment Considerations. 2010;12(1):61–67.Zanarini MC. Psychotherapy of borderline personality disorder. 2009;120(5):373–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-009-0091-0Zanarini MC. Psychotherapy of borderline personality disorder. 2009;120(5):373–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-009-0091-0

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.