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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2023-674</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-840</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Когнитивное снижение у пациентов с эссенциальным тремором</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cognitive decline in patients with essential tremor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7533-3801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермакова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермакова Марина Михайловна  – аспирант кафедры неврологии и реабилитации</p><p>Чебоксары </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Marina M. Ermakova </p><p> Kazan </p><p> Cheboksary </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esenia171@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8718-7266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залялова</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zalyalova</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Залялова Зулейха Абдуллазяновна —д.м.н.,  профессор кафедры неврологии и реабилитации; руководитель Республиканского клинико-диагностического центра экстрапирамидной патологии и ботулинотерапии Республики Татарстан </p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Zuleikha A. Zalyalova </p><p> Kazan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">z.zalyalova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный медицинский университет; Федеральный центр травматологии, ортопедии и эндопротезирования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University; Federal Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Endoprosthetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный медицинский университет; Центр научной медицины «Сихат»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University; Center for Scientific Medicine “Sikhat”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>57</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ермакова М.М., Залялова З.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ермакова М.М., Залялова З.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ermakova M.M., Zalyalova Z.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/840">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/840</self-uri><abstract><p>Эссенциальный тремор (ЭТ)-гетерогенное заболевание с высокой частотой распространения и инвалидизации. Традиционно, заболевание считалось доброкачественным с наличием тремора, выраженность которого увеличивается в течение времени наблюдения. Выраженность дрожания широко варьируется от незначительного, не требующего терапии, до инвалидизирующего. Это затрудняет оценку истинной распространенности заболевания. Однако инвалидизация у пациентов с ЭТ может наступать не только в силу выраженности тремора. Недооценённой стороной заболевания, несмотря на многолетнюю историю изучения, остаются немоторные проявления, в том числе когнитивное снижение. Когнитивное снижение при эссенциальном треморе, в сравнении с популяцией, имеет большой риск трансформации в деменцию. У пациентов с ЭТ, в сравнении с остальными когнитивными доменами, преимущественно страдают исполнительные функции. Также характерна низкая осведомленность и обеспокоенность пациентов относительно изменений интеллекта. При исследовании головного мозга с помощью воксельной морфометрии было выявлена гетерогенная группа изменений, противоречащих друг другу. Чаще всего выявляется изменение плотности коры разных отделов головного мозга в сравнении с группой контроля. Наиболее поражаемой областью мозга является преклинье. Это может объяснять исполнительную дисфункцию у пациентов и вероятный нейродегенеративный характер эссенциального тремора. Отсутствие превентивной терапии, высокая частота встречаемости изменений интеллекта выявляет необходимость пристального наблюдения за пациентами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Essential tremor (ET) is a heterogeneous disease with a high prevalence and disability. Traditionally, the disease was considered benign with the presence of tremor, the severity of which increases during the observation period. The severity of trembling varies widely from mild, not requiring therapy, to disabling. That is making difficulties to assess the prevalence of the disease. However, disability in patients with ET can occur not only due to the severity of tremor.The underestimated side of the disease, despite a long history of study, remains non-motor manifestations, including cognitive decline. Cognitive decline in essential tremor, compared with the general population, has a greater risk of transformation into dementia. In patients with ET, in comparison with other cognitive domains, executive functions are predominantly affected. Patients are also characterized by low awareness and concern about changes in intelligence. In the study of the brain using voxel morphometry, a heterogeneous group of changes that contradict each other was revealed. Most often, a change in the density of the cortex of different parts of the brain is detected in comparison with the control group. The most affected area of the brain is the precuneus. This may explain the executive dysfunction in patients and highlight the likely neurodegenerative nature of essential tremor. The absence of preventive therapy, the high incidence of changes in intelligence emphasizes the need for close monitoring of patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эссенциальный тремор</kwd><kwd>когнитивное снижение</kwd><kwd>воксельная морфометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>essential tremor</kwd><kwd>cognitive decline</kwd><kwd>voxel morphometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Залялова З.А. Дрожательные фенотипы болезни Паркинсона в кн.: Болезнь Паркинсона и расстройства движений. Под ред. С.Н. Иллариошкина, О.С. Левина. М.: НЦН РАМН, 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zalyalova Z.A. 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