bekhterevОбозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.БехтереваV.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY2313-70532713-055XV. M. BEKHTEREV NATIONAL RESEARCH MEDICAL CENTER FOR PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH10.31363/2313-7053-2023-772bekhterev-843Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАНИЯINVESTIGATIONSВыраженность тревоги и депрессии у женщин в послеродовом периоде и материнско-детское взаимодействиеThe severity of anxiety and depression in women in the postpartum period and mother-child interactionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3861-4134КощавцевА. Г.KoshchavtsevA. G.

Кощавцев Андрей Гелиевич - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии

Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д.2 

 Andrey G. Koshchavtsev 

 St. Petersburg 

mdspb@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-2391ПозднякВ. В.PozdnyakV. V.

Поздняк Вера Владимировна - кандидат  медицинских наук, доцент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии 

Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д.2 

 Vera V. Pozdnyak 

 St. Petersburg 

egodoe@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-4315ГречаныйС. В.GrechanyiS. V.

Гречаный Северин Вячеславович - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедры психиатрии и наркологии 

Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д.2 

 Severin V. Grechanyi 

 St. Petersburg 

svgrechany@mail.ruСанкт-Петербургский Государственный Педиатрический Медицинский УниверситетРоссияSt. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian Federation2023190720235745765Copyright © Кощавцев А.Г., Поздняк В.В., Гречаный С.В., 20232023Кощавцев А.Г., Поздняк В.В., Гречаный С.В.Koshchavtsev A.G., Pozdnyak V.V., Grechanyi S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/843

Целью исследования было изучение связи количественных показателей тревоги и депрессии у женщин в послеродовом периоде с типами материнско-детского взаимодействия. Основную группу составили 93 женщины в послеродовом периоде с суммарным баллом по Опроснику самооценки депрессии Бэка (BDI) 10 и выше. Группу сравнения составили 33 женщины с суммарным баллом BDI 9 баллов и ниже. Двухкратное тестирование с помощью шкалы личностной и ситуативной тревожности Спилбергера (STAI) проводилось на 5-7 день поступления и через 1 неделю после первичного тестирования. Использовался опросник материнской самооценки взаимодействия с ребенком (МСВР) и методика объективной оценки материнско-детского взаимодействия (ООМДВ) с 7 по 15 день пребывания. Результаты показали, что при отсутствии возрастных различий и сроков пребывания в стационаре, обследованные, чей суммарный балл BDI был 10 и выше, отличались достоверно более высокими значениями личностной и ситуативной тревожности при первичном и повторном обследовании. Значение балла МСВР было также достоверно выше в основной группе, что говорит о том, что матери с высокими показателями депрессии склонны к недооценке уровня своего взаимодействия с ребенком, более самокритичны в отношении способности понимать новорожденного и владения навыками воспитательной компетенции. Динамики личностной и ситуативной тревожности выявила достоверное их снижение в основной группе и группе сравнения, что свидетельствует редукции интенсивности аффективных переживаний. В основной группе достоверно преобладало количество женщин с формальным типом материнско-детских взаимодействий, а в группе сравнения – с гармоничным типом. Таким образом, переживание женщинами в послеродовом периоде со значениями BDI 10 и выше баллов недостаточной «материнской компетентности» является следствием не только высокого уровня самокритики, но и объективных трудностей взаимодействия с ребенком, что косвенно подтверждает позитивную роль педиатрического патронажа и психосоциальной поддержки при лечении послеродовых аффективных переживаний.

The purpose of the study was to study the relationship of quantitative indicators of anxiety and depression in women in the postpartum period with the types of mother-child interaction. The main group consisted of 93 women in the postpartum period with a total score on the Beck Depression Self-Assessment Inventory (BDI) of 10 or higher. The comparison group consisted of 33 women with a total BDI score of 9 points or less. Double testing using the Spielberger Personal and Situational Anxiety Scale (STAI) was carried out on days 5-7 of admission and 1 week after the initial testing. The questionnaire of maternal selfassessment of interaction with the child (MSIR) and the method of objective assessment of maternal-child interaction (OMDV) from 7 to 15 days of stay were used. The results showed that in the absence of age differences and length of stay in the hospital, those examined, whose total BDI score was 10 or more, had significantly higher values of personal and situational anxiety during the initial and repeated examinations. The value of the HRMS score was also significantly higher in the main group, which indicates that mothers with high rates of depression tend to underestimate the level of their interaction with the child, are more selfcritical about the ability to understand the newborn and the skills of educational competence. The dynamics of personal and situational anxiety revealed a significant decrease in the main group and the comparison group, which indicates a reduction in the intensity of affective experiences. In the main group, the number of women with a formal type of mother-child interactions significantly prevailed, and in the comparison group - with a harmonious type. Thus, the experience of women in the postpartum period with BDI values of 10 and above of insufficient “maternal competence” is a consequence not only of a high level of self-criticism, but also of objective difficulties in interacting with the child, which indirectly confirms the positive role of pediatric patronage and psychosocial support in the treatment of postpartum affective disorders. experiences

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.