<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bekhterev</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М.Бехтерева</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-7053</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-055X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. BEKHTEREV  NATIONAL  RESEARCH  MEDICAL  CENTER  FOR  PSYCHIATRY  AND  NEUROLOGY                           OF    THE  RUSSIAN  FEDERATION   MINISTRY  OF  HEALTH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31363/2313-7053-2024-844</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bekhterev-964</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ассоциации личности типа D с амплитудно-временными параметрами ЭКГ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Associations of type D personality with amplitude-time ECG parameters</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0153-0862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кремлёва</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kremleva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кремлева Ольга Владимировна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры психиатрии, психотерапии и наркологии</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Kremleva</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kremleva_olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural state medical university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>58</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кремлёва О.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кремлёва О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kremleva O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/964">https://www.bekhterevreview.com/jour/article/view/964</self-uri><abstract><p>Негативная аффективность (NA) и социальная ингибиция (SI), присущие личностям типа D, продуцируют хронический дистресс, что приводит к повышенному риску развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ). В настоящее время ведется поиск механизмов, опосредующих психосоматические связи личности типа D. Цель исследования — выявить особенности амплитудно-временных параметров ЭКГ у личностей типа D и установить ассоциации амплитудно-временных паттернов ЭКГ в некардиологической выборке женщин с показателями личности типа D и ее компонентов — NA и SI. У 68 женщин с гинекологической патологией без ССЗ в анамнезе и на момент исследования были получены записи ЭКГ и все они заполнили опросник DS 14. Личность типа D подтверждена у 39,7%, на записи ЭКГ в этой группе средняя амплитуда зубца R, продолжительность интервалов QT и RR оказалась значимо выше, чем у личностей без типа D, а длительность комплекса QRS — значимо ниже в группе респондентов с более высокими баллами против группы с низкими баллами. Группа с более высокими значениями NA показала значимо более высокую амплитуду зубца R, а с более высокими значениями SI — значимо более низкую продолжительность QRS, чем соответствующие группы с низкими значениями этих составляющих типа D. Более трети некардиологической выборки женщин демонстрируют личность типа D. Анализ амплитудно-временных паттернов ЭКГ у личностей типа D указывает на повышенную возбудимость желудочков сердца и чрезмерную симпатическую реактивность. Обнаружен специфический патогенный вклад синергизма негативной аффективности и социальной ингибиции экспрессии негативных чувств в функциональную организацию электрофизиологических процессов в миокарде. Амплитудно-временные паттерны ЭКГ личностей типа D указывают на автономный дисбаланс сердечно-сосудистой реактивности в основе повышенной уязвимости к ССЗ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) inherent in type D personalities produce chronic distress, which leads to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, a search is underway for mechanisms that mediate the psychosomatic connections of a type D personality. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of amplitude-time ECG parameters in type D personalities and to establish associations of amplitude-time ECG patterns in a non-cardiological sample of women with type D indicators and its components — NA and SI. ECG records were obtained from 68 women with gynecological pathology without a history of CVD and at the time of the study, and all of them completed the questionnaire DS 14. Personality type D was confirmed in 39.7%, on the ECG recording in this group, the average amplitude of the R wave, the duration of the QT and RR intervals turned out to be significantly higher than in individuals without type D, and the duration of the QRS complex was significantly lower in the group of respondents with higher scores against a group with low scores. The group with higher NA values showed a significantly higher R wave amplitude, and with higher SI values, a significantly shorter QRS duration than the corresponding groups with low values of these D-type components. More than a third of a non-cardiac sample of women exhibits type D personality. Analysis of amplitude-time ECG patterns in type D personalities indicates increased ventricular excitability and excessive sympathetic reactivity. A specific pathogenic contribution of the synergism of negative affectivity and social inhibition of the expression of negative feelings to the functional organization of electrophysiological processes in the myocardium was found. Amplitude-time ECG patterns of type D individuals indicate an autonomous imbalance of cardiovascular reactivity at the basis of increased vulnerability to CVD.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>личность типа D</kwd><kwd>негативная аффективность</kwd><kwd>социальная ингибиция</kwd><kwd>амплитудно-временные паттерны ЭКГ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>personality type D</kwd><kwd>negative affectivity</kwd><kwd>social inhibition</kwd><kwd>amplitude-time patterns of the electrocardiogram</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пушкарев Г.С., Кузнецов В.А., Ярославская Е. И., и др. Надежность и валидность русскоязычной версии шкалы DS14 у больных ишемической болезнью сердца. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2016;16(134):50-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushkarev GS, Kuznetsov VA, Yaroslavskaya EI, et al. Reliability and validity of russian version of DS14 score for ischemic heart disease patients. Rossijskij kardiologicheskij zhurnal. 2016;(6):50-54. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сумин А.Н., Райх О.И., Сумина Л.Ю., Барбараш Н.А. Тип личности Д при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях: клиническое значение, методика выявления: методические рекомендации для врачей общей практики, терапевтов, кардиологов. Кемерово. 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sumin A.N., Reich O.I., Sumina L.Yu., Barbarash N.A. Tip lichnosti D pri serdechno-sosudistyh zabolevaniyah: klinicheskoe znachenie, metodika vyyavleniya: metodicheskie rekomendacii. Kemerovo. 2012. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сумин А.Н., Сумина Л.Ю., Красилова Т.А., и др. Влияние типа личности Д на стрессреактивность эндотелиальной функции у больных артериальной гипертензией. Артериальная гипертензия. 2011;17(5):467-473.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sumin AN, Sumina LY, Krasilova TA, et al. Endotelial stress response in hypertensive patients with type D personality. Arterial’naya gipertenziya. 2011;17(5):467-473. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agewall S, Wikstrand J, Dahlöf C, et al. Negative feelings (discontent) predict progress of intimamedia thickness of the common carotid artery in treated hypertensive men at high cardiovascular risk. Am J Hypertens. 1996;9:545–550.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agewall S, Wikstrand J, Dahlöf C, et al. Negative feelings (discontent) predict progress of intimamedia thickness of the common carotid artery in treated hypertensive men at high cardiovascular risk. Am J Hypertens. 1996;9:545–550.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beutel ME, Wiltink J, Till Y, et al. Type D personality as a cardiovascular risk marker in the general population: results from the Gutenberg health study. Psychother Psychosom. 2012;81(2):108-117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beutel ME, Wiltink J, Till Y, et al. Type D personality as a cardiovascular risk marker in the general population: results from the Gutenberg health study. Psychother Psychosom. 2012;81(2):108-117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bibbey A, Carroll D, Ginty AT, et al. Cardiovascular and cortisol reactions to acute psychological stress under conditions of high versus low social evaluative threat: associations with the Type D personality construct. Psychosom Med. 2015;77(5):599-608.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bibbey A, Carroll D, Ginty AT, et al. Cardiovascular and cortisol reactions to acute psychological stress under conditions of high versus low social evaluative threat: associations with the Type D personality construct. Psychosom Med. 2015;77(5):599-608.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bunevicius A, Brozaitiene J, Staniute M., et al. Decreased physical effort, fatigue, and mental distress in patients with coronary artery disease: Importance of personality-related differences. Int J Behav Med. 2014;21:240–247.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunevicius A, Brozaitiene J, Staniute M., et al. Decreased physical effort, fatigue, and mental distress in patients with coronary artery disease: Importance of personality-related differences. Int J Behav Med. 2014;21:240–247.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Candia-Rivera D, Catrambone V, Thayer JF, et al. Cardiac sympathetic-vagal activity initiates a functional brain–body response to emotional arousal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2022;119(21):e2119599119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Candia-Rivera D, Catrambone V, Thayer JF, et al. Cardiac sympathetic-vagal activity initiates a functional brain–body response to emotional arousal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2022;119(21):e2119599119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cardinal R, Pagé P. Neuronal modulation of atrial and ventricular electrical properties. Basic and clinical neurocardiology. Eds. JA Armour, JL Ardell. New York: Oxford University Press. 2004:315–339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardinal R, Pagé P. Neuronal modulation of atrial and ventricular electrical properties. Basic and clinical neurocardiology. Eds. JA Armour, JL Ardell. New York: Oxford University Press. 2004:315–339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Childers R, Holmes A, Kocherginsky M, et al. Features of an exceptionally narrow QRS data set. J Electrocardiol.2008;41:501-507.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Childers R, Holmes A, Kocherginsky M, et al. Features of an exceptionally narrow QRS data set. J Electrocardiol.2008;41:501-507.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denollet J. DS 14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality. Psychosom Med. 2005;67(1):89–97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denollet J. DS 14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality. Psychosom Med. 2005;67(1):89–97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emons WH, Meijer RR, Denollet J. Negative affectivity and social inhibition in cardiovascular disease: evaluating Type-D personality and its assessment using item response theory. J Psychosom Res. 2007;63(1):27-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emons WH, Meijer RR, Denollet J. Negative affectivity and social inhibition in cardiovascular disease: evaluating Type-D personality and its assessment using item response theory. J Psychosom Res. 2007;63(1):27-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedman M, Rosenman RH. Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings; blood cholesterol level, blood clotting time, incidence of arcus senilis, and clinical coronary artery disease. JAMA. 1959;169(12):12861296.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedman M, Rosenman RH. Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings; blood cholesterol level, blood clotting time, incidence of arcus senilis, and clinical coronary artery disease. JAMA. 1959;169(12):12861296.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Habra ME, Linden W, Anderson JC, et al. Type D personality is related to cardiovascular and neuroendocrine reactivity to acute stress. J Psychosom Res. 2003;55:235-245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Habra ME, Linden W, Anderson JC, et al. Type D personality is related to cardiovascular and neuroendocrine reactivity to acute stress. J Psychosom Res. 2003;55:235-245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hosseinpour MR, Poursharifi H. predictors of coronary heart disease based on personality factors and psychological risk factors. J Psychol Behav Stud. 2016;4(1):13-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hosseinpour MR, Poursharifi H. predictors of coronary heart disease based on personality factors and psychological risk factors. J Psychol Behav Stud. 2016;4(1):13-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howard S, Hughes BM, James JE. Type D personality and hemodynamic reactivity to laboratory stress in women. Int J Psychophysiol. 2011;80(2):96–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howard S, Hughes BM, James JE. Type D personality and hemodynamic reactivity to laboratory stress in women. Int J Psychophysiol. 2011;80(2):96–102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howard S, O’Riordan A, Nolan M. Cognitive Bias of Interpretation in Type D Personality: Associations with Physiological Indices of Arousal. Appl Psychophys Biof. 2018;43(3):193-201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howard S, O’Riordan A, Nolan M. Cognitive Bias of Interpretation in Type D Personality: Associations with Physiological Indices of Arousal. Appl Psychophys Biof. 2018;43(3):193-201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jandackova VK, Koenig J, Jarczok MN, et al. Potential biological pathways linking Type-D personality and poor health: A cross-sectional investigation. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(4):e0176014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jandackova VK, Koenig J, Jarczok MN, et al. Potential biological pathways linking Type-D personality and poor health: A cross-sectional investigation. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(4):e0176014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang N, Lim JS, Hwang TG et al. The relationship between type D personality and heart rate variability in community mental health center users. Psychiat Invest. 2015;12(2):197–203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang N, Lim JS, Hwang TG et al. The relationship between type D personality and heart rate variability in community mental health center users. Psychiat Invest. 2015;12(2):197–203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim CH, Noh IK, Ryu JM et al. Canonical correlation between behavioral-psychological variables and predictors of coronary artery disease prognosis. Int J Environ Res Pub He. 2020;17(5):1608.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim CH, Noh IK, Ryu JM et al. Canonical correlation between behavioral-psychological variables and predictors of coronary artery disease prognosis. Int J Environ Res Pub He. 2020;17(5):1608.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koelsch S, Enge J, Jentschke S. Cardiac signatures of personality. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31441.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koelsch S, Enge J, Jentschke S. Cardiac signatures of personality. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31441.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kupper N, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJ. et al. Nineyear stability of type D personality: contributions of genes and environment. Psychosom Med. 2011;73(1):75-82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kupper N, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJ. et al. Nineyear stability of type D personality: contributions of genes and environment. Psychosom Med. 2011;73(1):75-82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kupper N, Denollet J. Type D personality as a risk factor in coronary heart disease: A review of current evidence. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 2018;20(11):104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kupper N, Denollet J. Type D personality as a risk factor in coronary heart disease: A review of current evidence. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 2018;20(11):104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lampert R. ECG signatures of psychological stress. J Electrocardiol. 2015;48(6):1000-1005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lampert R. ECG signatures of psychological stress. J Electrocardiol. 2015;48(6):1000-1005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin P, Li L, Wang Y, et al. Type D personality, but not Type A behavior pattern, is associated with coronary plaque vulnerability. Psychol Health Med. 2018;23(2):216-223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin P, Li L, Wang Y, et al. Type D personality, but not Type A behavior pattern, is associated with coronary plaque vulnerability. Psychol Health Med. 2018;23(2):216-223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu L, Nattel S. Differing sympathetic and vagal effects on atrial fibrillation in dogs: role of refractoriness heterogeneity. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(2.2):805–816.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu L, Nattel S. Differing sympathetic and vagal effects on atrial fibrillation in dogs: role of refractoriness heterogeneity. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(2.2):805–816.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maes M, Song C, Lin A, et al. Type D personality and myocardial infarction: A case-control study. Indian J Psychol Med. 2020;42(6):555-559.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maes M, Song C, Lin A, et al. Type D personality and myocardial infarction: A case-control study. Indian J Psychol Med. 2020;42(6):555-559.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manoj MT, Joseph KA, Vijayaraghavan G. Type D Personality and Myocardial Infarction: A Case-Control Study. Indian J Psychol Med. 2020;42(6):555-559.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manoj MT, Joseph KA, Vijayaraghavan G. Type D Personality and Myocardial Infarction: A Case-Control Study. Indian J Psychol Med. 2020;42(6):555-559.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mols F, Denollet J. Type D personality among noncardiovascular patient populations: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiat. 2010;32(1);66-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mols F, Denollet J. Type D personality among noncardiovascular patient populations: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiat. 2010;32(1);66-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moss AJ. Do “narrow and tall” QRS complexes “stand tall” and have arrhythmogenic implications? Heart Rhythm. 2008;5(9):1346-1346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moss AJ. Do “narrow and tall” QRS complexes “stand tall” and have arrhythmogenic implications? Heart Rhythm. 2008;5(9):1346-1346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Dell KR, Masters KS, Spielmans GI, et al. Does type-D personality predict outcomes among patients with cardiovascular disease? A meta-analytic review. J Psychosom Res. 2011;71(4):199-206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Dell KR, Masters KS, Spielmans GI, et al. Does type-D personality predict outcomes among patients with cardiovascular disease? A meta-analytic review. J Psychosom Res. 2011;71(4):199-206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Riordan A, Howard S, Keogh TM et al. Type D personality is associated with lower cardiovascular reactivity to stress in women. Psychol Health. 2022:1-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Riordan A, Howard S, Keogh TM et al. Type D personality is associated with lower cardiovascular reactivity to stress in women. Psychol Health. 2022:1-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schiffer AA, Pedersen SS, Widdershoven JW, et al. The distressed (type D) personality is independently associated with impaired health status and increased depressive symptoms in chronic heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2005;12(4):341-346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schiffer AA, Pedersen SS, Widdershoven JW, et al. The distressed (type D) personality is independently associated with impaired health status and increased depressive symptoms in chronic heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2005;12(4):341-346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sumin AN, Prokashko IY, Shcheglova AV. Evaluation of coping strategies among students with type D personality. Int J Env Res Pub He. 2022;19(8):4918.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sumin AN, Prokashko IY, Shcheglova AV. Evaluation of coping strategies among students with type D personality. Int J Env Res Pub He. 2022;19(8):4918.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taggart P, Sutton P, Redfern C, et al. The effect of mental stress on the non-dipolar components of the T wave: modulation by hypnosis. Psychosom Med. 2005;67(3):376-383.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taggart P, Sutton P, Redfern C, et al. The effect of mental stress on the non-dipolar components of the T wave: modulation by hypnosis. Psychosom Med. 2005;67(3):376-383.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Weperen VYH, Vos MA, Ajijola OA. Autonomic modulation of ventricular electrical activity: recent developments and clinical implications. Clin Auton Res. 2021;31(6):659–676.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Weperen VYH, Vos MA, Ajijola OA. Autonomic modulation of ventricular electrical activity: recent developments and clinical implications. Clin Auton Res. 2021;31(6):659–676.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wellens HJ. Early repolarization revisited. New Engl J Med. 2008;358:2063-2065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wellens HJ. Early repolarization revisited. New Engl J Med. 2008;358:2063-2065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whitehead DL, Perkins-Porras L, Strike PC, et al. Cortisol awakening response is elevated in acute coronary syndrome patients with type-D personality. J Psychosom Res. 2007;62:419-425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whitehead DL, Perkins-Porras L, Strike PC, et al. Cortisol awakening response is elevated in acute coronary syndrome patients with type-D personality. J Psychosom Res. 2007;62:419-425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams L, O’Carroll RE, O’Connor RC. Type D personality and cardiac output in response to stress. Psychol Health Med. 2009;24(5):489-500.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams L, O’Carroll RE, O’Connor RC. Type D personality and cardiac output in response to stress. Psychol Health Med. 2009;24(5):489-500.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams L, Wingate A. Type D personality, physical symptoms and subjective stress: the mediating effects of coping and social support. Psychol Health. 2012;27(9):1075-1085.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams L, Wingate A. Type D personality, physical symptoms and subjective stress: the mediating effects of coping and social support. Psychol Health. 2012;27(9):1075-1085.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
