Адаптация русскоязычной версии Шкалы обсессивно-компульсивного употребления алкоголя (Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale)

Влечение к употреблению алкоголя является одним из центральных симптомов синдрома алкогольной зависимости. В настоящее время не существует единого принятого определения или модели влечения, а также стандартизированных подходов к его оценке, но данный феномен широко изучается в исследованиях аддиктивных расстройств. Шкала обсессивно-компульсивного употребления алкоголя была разработана на основе гипотезы о том, что обсессивно-компульсивное расстройство и синдром алкогольной зависимости имеют схожие симптомы. Целью данного исследования являлось изучение факторной структуры, критериальной, дискриминантной и конвергентной валидности Шкалы обсессивно-компульсивного употребления алкоголя.
В исследовании приняли участие 222 пациента с алкогольной зависимостью, проходящие стационарное лечение (163 мужчины (73,42%), средний возраст 42,67±10,06 года, средний возраст начала заболевания 32,19±8,57 лет). Были использованы следующие методы: клиническое интервью, Шкала обсессивно-компульсивного употребления алкоголя, Пенсильванская шкала влечения к алкоголю, опросник Мотивации потребления алкоголя и шкала импульсивности Барратта.
Результаты исследования подтвердили двухфакторную структуру шкалы; однако, показатели соответствия несколько отличались от приемлемых значений. Шкала имела приемлемые показатели внутренней согласованности и конвергентной валидности. Дискриминантная валидность была средневыраженной. При анализе критериальной валидности была выявлена отрицательная взаимосвязь фактора «Компульсии» с возрастом первой пробы алкоголя, началом регулярного употребления и возрастом первого стационарного лечения алкогольной зависимости. Участники с ежедневной формой употребления имели более высокие показатели по обоим факторам шкалы по сравнению с участниками с тяжелым эпизодическим употреблением.

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