Depressive and Anxiety Disorders as an Interdisciplinary Problem: Optimizing Diagnosis and Treatment in Psychiatric and Neurological Practice

This analytical review highlights the issue of interdisciplinary collaboration between neurologists and psychiatrists in the context of the high prevalence of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders among neurological patients. Evidence indicates that up to 64.6% of individuals seen in outpatient neurological settings have diagnosable psychiatric conditions. Particular attention is given to neuroinflammation as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking the pathogenesis of depressive disorders with neurological diseases, especially post-stroke conditions. The therapeutic potential of antidepressants with anti-inflammatory properties is examined, emphasizing their pleiotropic effects, which extend beyond conventional antidepressant action and contribute to neuroplasticity and functional recovery. The review underscores the need to integrate validated psychometric instruments and structured diagnostic interviewing into neurological practice to enable timely screening and risk stratification. As a strategic measure, the establishment of large interdisciplinary congresses is proposed to facilitate the development of consensus clinical algorithms, modernization of educational programs, and harmonization of regulatory frameworks, ultimately helping to overcome existing barriers and improve care for patients with comorbid conditions.

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