Современные методы коррекции когнитивных расстройств при эндогенных депрессиях

Одним из базовых симптомов эндогенной депрессии, к которому последние годы привлечено особое внимание исследователей, является когнитивная дисфункция. Ее наличие отмечается на инициальном этапе болезни, на высоте депрессии, а также после редукции ее основных проявлений, что, в значительной степени обуславливает ретенцию так называемых резидуальных депрессивных симптомов. Когнитивные нарушения во время депрессивного эпизода регистрируются как объективными методами (нейропсихологическим и психопатологическим), так и субъективно, по результатам стандартизированных опросов пациентов. По данным нейропсихологических методик, у больных депрессией отмечаются значимые отличия от здоровых лиц в сфере когнитивного функционирования по показателям исполнительских функций, рабочей памяти, пространственного мышления, скорости реагирования, вербального научения, непосредственного и отсроченного свободного воспроизведения. Существует ряд психофармакологических средств (преимущественно антидепрессантов), которые обладают доказанной прокогнитивной активностью при депрессиях. Кроме того, в литературе описаны ряд иных лекарственных и нелекарственных подходов к терапии когнитивной дисфункции при эндогенных депрессиях, которые представляются перспективными и многообещающими.

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