Эпидемиология несуицидального самоповреждающего поведения (несистематический повествовательный обзор)

Несуицидальное самоповреждение, как разновидность аутоагрессии, является широко рас- пространенной поведенческой проблемой среди подростков. Исследователями отмечается увеличение числа самоповреждений в последние годы. Цель: провести повествовательный обзор научной литературы по эпидемиологии аутоагрессии и несуицидального самоповреждающего поведения. Метод: в статье представлен нарративный обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы по эпидемиологии несуицидального самоповреждающего поведения (НССП/NSSI). Были отобраны и проанализированы статьи в базах MEDLINE/PubMed, Elibrary.ru, Scopus. Для получения основной информации использовались публикации с 2015 по 2022 гг., в международных медицинских журналах, а также релевантные ссылки в списках литературы анализированных источников. В то же время для получения общей информации, определений и исторической ретроспективы включались ранние публикации по тематике. Поиск проводился с использованием различных вариантов указанных ключевых слов.

Полученные результаты: NSSI наиболее распространено среди подростков и молодых людей, и, как сообщается, возраст начала заболевания чаще всего приходится на период от 12 до 14 лет. Нет однозначно точной оценки распространённости NSSI, при изучении литературы распространённость оценивается в широком диапазоне от 7,5 до 46,5% среди подростков. По данным зарубежных метаанализов в настоящее время средний процент подростков, прибегавших к самоповреждению, составляет от 16,9% до 19,5% и имеет тенденцию к увеличению. Распространенность явления сильно увеличилась с началом пандемии Covid-19. Выводы: Поведение аутоагрессивного характера, самоповреждающее поведение, и несуицидальные самоповреждения в настоящее время—явление, широко распространенное среди подростков. Стоит отметить, что показатели распространенности данного феномена, остаются недостаточно изученными и представлены исследованиями для западных стран, сохраняется дефицит данных в исследованиях подросткового населения Российской Федерации ввиду малой изученности феномена на территории страны.

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