Гены-кандидаты воспаления и их роль в патогенезе шизофрении: современные научные данные

Цель. Целью аналитического обзора стали поиск, анализ и обобщение данных об ассоциациях генов-кандидатов воспаления и их влиянии на патогенез и клинические проявления шизофрении. Материалы и методы. Проводился поиск оригинальных исследований, систематических обзоров литературы и мета-анализов в базах Google Scholar, PubMed и eLIBRARY.ru. Включались публикации за период с 1 января 2017 года по 31 декабря 2024 года без языковых ограничений, посвящённые генетическим аспектам воспаления в контексте шизофрении. Результаты. Обзор подтвердил значимую роль генетических ассоциаций воспаления в патогенезе шизофрении. Полиморфизмы генов, кодирующих провоспалительные и противовоспалительные молекулы (IL6, IL10, IL1B, IL28B, TNF-α, HLA, VEGF-A, NF-κB), ассоциированы с риском заболевания, клиническими проявлениями и изменениями структуры мозга. Также отмечена роль генетической регуляции воспалительных механизмов в формировании нарушений нейропластичности, проницаемости гематоэнцефалического барьера и окислительного стресса при шизофрении. Заключение. Наш обзор подтверждает значимую роль генетических ассоциаций воспалительных механизмов в патогенезе шизофрении. Наследственная предрасположенность к дисбалансу иммунного ответа может влиять на развитие, тяжесть и течение заболевания.

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