Критерии измерения неблагоприятного детского опыта: перспективы разработки и валидизации шкал его оценки

Неблагоприятный детский опыт (НДО) охватывает широкий спектр травматических событий, пережитых до 18 лет, включая насилие, пренебрежение и семейную дисфункцию. НДО ассоциирован с риском развития психических и поведенческих расстройств, особенно в условиях поливиктимизации. Настоящий наративный обзор рассматривает подходы к оценке НДО с акцентом на критерии измерения и валидизации шкал. Особое внимание уделяется проблеме надежности и валидности существующих инструментов, их применимости в клинических и исследовательских контекстах с учётом методологических сложностей, возникающих при ретроспективном измерении. Подчеркивается значимость учета временных параметров в шкалах оценки НДО для повышения их диагностической и прогностической ценности. Учитывая ограниченность существующих методик, подчёркивается необходимость разработки или доработки инструмента оценки НДО с учётом временных, культурных и содержательных параметров. Также рассматривается влияние позитивного детского опыта (ПДО) как возможного защитного фактора.

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