In this review article, features of a specific cognitive deficit in children with hyperkinetic disorder are considered. The uneven development of higher mental functions observed in these cases, the hierarchical structure of the detected defects, neuropsychological features is determined, in the author’s opinion, to distinguish hyperkinetic disorder of childhood from atonic forms of mental retardation and other hyperdynamic syndromes in a wide range of child psychopathology, creating a model of a specificcognitive deficit.

The review of literature data addresses the problem of diagnosis, classification, comorbidity, basic neurobiological mechanisms, as well as therapy of pathological manifestations of anger (“anger disorders”, anger attacks), considering into account the results of current epidemiological and clinical-biological studies.

Clinical, psychological and neurophysiological studies were conducted in 239 patients with epilepsy, 123 with duration of the disease no more than 3 years, for clarify the features of nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders in the initial period of epilepsy. It was established, that the light cognitive disorders (F06.72) dominated in the initial period of epilepsy. In this article provides methods of treatment with obtaining a control of seizures in 80% of patients and regression of epileptic patterns on the EEG in 45% of patients with epilepsy.

Paper  is  devoted  to  the  development  and  validation  of  the  methodological  complex  for psychological  diagnostic  of  the  risk  factors  for  involving  adolescents  in  the  use  of  narcotic  substances.  The diagnostic of people using psychoactive substances is difficult due to their defensive strategy of answers — both because  of  the  intentional  desire  to  keep  their  behavior  in  secret,  and  because  of  distortion  of  the  assessment of Self and own behavior. An expanded clinical-psychological observation, due to its high costs, is not always possible, which makes it urgent to develop a primary screening instruments, on the basis of which it is possible to identify risk groups for whom the clinical-psychological examination is especially important, controlling for possible falsifications in the responses. In this work three psychodiagnostic approaches are consistently applied to  overcome  these  difficulties:  after  the  initial  theoretical  development  of  constructs,  items  are  selected  based on  “empirical  keying”  approach  (by  their  ability  to  differentiate  the  clinical  and  control  groups),  and  then scales  are  refined  based  on  their  psychometric  characteristics  in  the  clinical  not  a  control  group.  This  first part of the paper presents the results of testing consistency and factor validity of the methodological complex scales conducted on a sample of 637 pupils of the upper grades of general education schools from 12 subjects of  the  Russian  Federation  and  108  pupils  involved  in  the  use  of  narcotic  substances.  The  methodological complex  includes  scales  of  technological  addictions,  antisocial  tendencies,  self-regulation,  emotional  control, novelty  seeking,  risky  behavior,  child-parent  relations,  coping  strategies  for  problem  solving,  social  support and  avoidance,  as  well  as  additional  indicators  of  socially  desirable  and  random  answers.

To predict the development of side effects and personalized selection of drug therapy, it seems relevant to study the association of individual genetic risk factors with undesirable side effects of antipsychotics in chronic patients with schizophrenia. Thereby the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the carriage of the T-allele of the single nucleotide genetic polymorphism MTHFR677C>T and the severity of the metabolic side effects of antipsychotics. As a result of the study a greater risk of developing components of the metabolic syndrome was revealed, as well as a significantly higher fasting blood glucose level in the group of carriers of the minor T-allele of polymorphism MTHFR677C>T.

The  article  examines  research  results  of  life  quality  perception  among  older  persons  with  mild cognitive  decline  at  the  beginning  and  at  the  end  of  the  rehabilitation  course  (intergrated  programme  of neurocognitive  rehabilitation).  This  course  is  aimed  at  improving  cognitive  functions.

One  of  the  main  clinical  manifestations  of  radiation  exposure  in  the  early  and  later  periods  is headache.  Until  present  time  there  is  no  clear  understanding  of  the  mechanisms  of  headache  development under  radiation  exposure.  The  theories  that  exist  (more  than  30)  do  not  give  a  comprehensive  answer  to these  questions.  Out  of  all  primary  headaches,  tension  headache  is  diagnosed  more  often.  Emotional  factors including  psychological  stress  is  the  major  cause  of  its  development.  In  the  current  paper  the  findings  of the  in-depth  clinical  examination  of  92  people  are  presented.  Clinical  characteristics  of  three  groups  that  of exposed  people  with  tension  headache,  unexposed  people  with  tension  headache,  exposed  people  without tension headache are described. Nosological and clinical forms of headaches in exposed people are investigated, psychological (accentuation on personality traits, state anxiety, depression), psychophysiological characteristics of  the  examined  people,  and  clinical  manifestations  of  the  tension  headache  are  studied.

Development of salutogenesis theory in the psychology of therapeutic process causes an interest in  studying  the  subjective  experience  of  psychosis  in  psychiatric  patients.  In  the  pilot  study  85  patients  with schizophrenia  took  part.  Translation  and  adaptation  of  Hamburg  test  of  subjective  meaning  of  psychosis (SuSi)  have  been  completed.  Hypothesized  connection  of  constructive  experience  of  psychosis  and  the  ability of  patients  to  integrate  disease  experience  into  their  life  context  was  confirmed.  Data  on  significant  cultural differences  between  the  German  and  Russian-speaking  populations  were  obtained.  Further  perspectives  of transcultural studies in psychiatry and the study of the subjective concept of morbidity in psychiatric patients were  discussed.

This article deals with the problem of sexual health of epileptic patients, emphasis is placed on its psychological component. The authors present the results of their research devoted to the study of sexuality as Ego-function in patients with epilepsy, which was conducted on a sample of 102 persons (52 patients with a verified diagnosis of «epilepsy» and 50 conditionally healthy respondents) at the age from 19 to 45 years. It was noted that patients with epilepsy suffer from underdevelopment of structural functions, which complicates the formation of mature sexuality.

Summary. Currently, a large number of both native and foreign literature are devoted to the issues of prevalence of alcoholism, alcoholic psychoses and peculiarities of suicidal activity of alcohol-dependent ones. Female alcoholism is formed in later than men’s, since later systematic consumption of alcoholic beverages begins. Recently, the problem of suicides among women suffering from alcoholism has become very relevant. It should be emphasized that the data on the relationship between alcoholism and suicide among women are usually underreported.

The purpose of this study was to identify the features of the formation and progress of alcohol dependence and the specificity of suicidal activity among young women and men who had experienced alcoholic psychosis.

Results. Men in the majority began to be alcoholized till 18 years, women — in 18-20 years. The beginning of systematic alcoholization was at a rather young age (18-20 years), among women — at a later age. The duration of the first stage of alcoholism was more often than in women, 3 years or not more than 8-9 years (p <0.05), and the duration of stage II — 5-10 years (p <0.01). The first stage of alcoholism lasted more than 4 years, but did not exceed 7 years. The duration of second stage was usually up to 3 years (p <0.01).

Women more often than men have had suicide attempts. The most common ways of committing suicidal attempts among women are self-cutting, the use of drugs, falling from height. Among men, of all forms of suicidal behavior, designs prevailed, only they had suicidal intentions.

Conclusions. Due to the rather rapid formation and flow of alcoholism in women, compared with men, it is necessary to conduct timely prevention of alcoholism among women of young age. Among patients with a narcological profile, autoagressive tendencies are often observed, which have certain gender differences.

A brief historical digression into the doctrine of psychosomatics and the establishment of the term «psychosomatic medicine» are represented in the article. Some views on the formation and systematization of psychosomatic disorders are examined. The scientific grounds for isolating somatoform disorders into a separate group and their inclusion in the modern classifications of mental diseases (DSM and ICD-10) are analyzed. It is stated that the clinical picture of somatoform disorders does not contain specific psychopathological symptoms and syndromes but mostly consists of disparate symptom complexes, and this fact puts a question of the place of this pathology in psychiatric nosology. It is suggested that further research by experts from different fields of science should lead to the science-based principles for delineating the clinical boundaries of somatoform disorders at an interdisciplinary level that will allow developing valid therapeutic and rehabilitation programs for this group of patients.

Microangiopathy and deficit in cholinergic system innervating cerebral cortex and controlling the plasticity of neuronal structuresplay an important role in the formation of cognitive disorders. The main approaches to the therapy of dementia and organic lesions followed by cognitive disorder are based on the hypothesis of replenishment of acetylcholine. Choline alfoscerate takes a special place among the precursors of choline due to its proven effectiveness in the treatment of ischemic and neurodegenerative lesions of the central nervous system. The article presents the materials of experimental and clinical studies of the drug choline alfostserat (Gliatilin).

L.N. Tolstoy’s views of understanding of essence of a matter of life and death, because of the religious and philosophical discrepancies concerning suicide discussed in the Russian society of the middle of the 19th century. The atmosphere and a political situation in the country promoted formation of a «positive» image of the suicide and promotion of act of terrorism as kinds of a suicide. Tragic events in parental family of the writer were an incitement to reflections about life values which have formed the basis of the novel «Anna Karenina».

The article presents information  about the foundation of a new public organization,  the “V. M. Bekhterev Friends’ International Society”, at the V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology with the aim to further extend the study of V.M. Bekhterev’s scientific legacy and to create, on the basis of the Society, the V. M. Bekhterev Encyclopedia.