Ассоциация полиморфизмов генов серотонин-, дофамини норадреналинергических нейромедиаторных систем с параметрами ночного сна и дневной сонливостью у подростков

Нарушения сна широко распространены среди подростков и ассоциированы с повышенным риском академической неуспеваемости, аффективных расстройств и поведенческих проблем. Индивидуальные различия в параметрах сна частично обусловлены генетическими факторами, в частности, полиморфизмами генов нейромедиаторных систем, участвующих в регуляции цикла сонбодрствование. Цель. Проанализировать ассоциации параметров ночного сна и дневной сонливости с полиморфными участками девяти кандидатных генов серотонин-, дофамини норадреналинергических нейромедиаторных систем ( MAOA, HTR1A, HTR1A2, COMT, DRD2, DRD4, DBH, SLC6A4, SLC6A2 ) у российских подростков. Материал и методы. Обследовано 839 подростков-европеоидов 12-18 лет (средний возраст 14.38±1.92 года, мальчики/девочки 45.4%/54.6%). Параметры ночного сна оценивались с использованием отдельных вопросов Питтсбургского опросника качества сна, дневная сонливость с помощью “Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale”. Генотипирование проводилось методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени с использованием зондов TaqMan. Статистический анализ выполнен с применением программы SNPStats с оценкой различных моделей наследования и расчетом отношения шансов с 95% доверительными интервалами.

Результаты. Выявлена значимая ассоциация аллеля T полиморфизма rs1137070 гена моноаминоксидазы А с экстремально короткой продолжительностью ночного сна (менее 6 часов; отношение шансов (ОШ) 1.41; 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 1.09-1.81; p=0.008) и повышенной дневной сонливостью (ОШ 1.29; 95% ДИ 1.05-1.60; p=0.018). Аллель T полиморфизма rs1800497 (TaqIA) гена дофаминового рецептора D2/ANKK1 продемонстрировал протективный эффект в отношении частых ночных пробуждений (ОШ 0.69; 95% ДИ 0.52-0.92; p=0.0098). Заключение. Установленные генетические ассоциации указывают на существенный вклад наследуемых индивидуальных различий в функционировании моноаминергических нейромедиаторных систем в регуляцию сна у подростков.

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