The biopsychosocial model, as well as a number of approaches and paradigms based on it (scientific, clinical, preventive, therapeutic), currently cause a lot of criticism up to the complete denial of its use in psychiatry possibilities. The aim of this paper is to propose a modern interpretation of the biopsychosocial model in psychiatry for the further studies of the mental disorders etiopathogenesis and for the research of new opportunities for their therapy and prevention. Progress in biological medicine and the emergence of new research technologies today open up new opportunities for the actual interpretation of the biopsychosocial model and its application for the modern biopsychosocial paradigm, which can be used both as a research strategy and for the relevant scientifically based methods of therapy and prevention. Thus, it is important to understand that the biopsychosocial model is not a competitor or antithesis of the biomedical model, but allows one to expand the biological boundaries beyond a simple description of the organs and systems functioning.

Current review describes the issues of prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis, implications, and psychosocial treatment of depression in oncology patients. The prevalence of emotional disorders in oncology patients is significantly higher while the prevalence of major depressive disorder is comparable to the numbers presented among general population. The depression can occur as a psychological reaction of personality in response to the diagnosis of cancer, due to specific neuro-immuno-endocrine mechanisms related to this stress factor, and can be developed in the course of biological changes, caused by the progressive malignant process and its chemotherapy treatment. Modern comprehensive psychosocial care programs for oncology patients with depression have been designed and consist of several modules. These therapeutic programs are applied in clinical practice and mostly delivered by nonprofessionals in the field of mental health.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Studies measuring psychometric properties of the DASS-21 were searched through Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed. A total of 59 studies including 73890 subjects were reviewed in this study. The results suggest that the DASS-21 is a reliable and valid measure for assessing depression, anxiety, and stress in many countries of the world, demonstrates cross-cultural invariance, universality in the clinical setting, and functionality under different technical conditions of psychological assessment.

The purpose of the review is to compare the methodological approaches of Russian psychological school and Western psychology to the study of higher mental functions, and to compare the methods used for evaluating them.

The comparison of methods used in Western and Russian psychodiagnostics demonstrates, that differences begin at the stage of interpreting the results. Thus, the neuropsychological analysis identifies not the loss of the mental function in general, but the impairment of it’s parts. This makes neuropsychological analysis more of a qualitative method based on the analysis of individual clinical cases.

In Western psychology it is more common to talk about mental functions in general. The use of standardized tests makes it possible to use mathematical tools for data processing, makes the results comparable in different groups of subjects, and allows to extend the conclusions to the general population in accordance with modern requirements for the reliability of scientific results.

Recent research data literature indicates the presence of non-motor symptoms in patients with dystonia such as mood disorders, cognitive impairments, sleep disturbances, autonomic dysfunction and / or pain, which are important components of quality of life. The article discusses possible comorbidity of affective manifestations,sleep disorders and dystonia. Currently, evidence is controversial, and the question requires further study. Affective symptoms and sleep disturbances of dystonia are now recognized as the greater determinant of quality of life in dystonia, being associated with health and disability, although their contribution to the clinical picture of the disease often remains underestimated. It becomes important to identify these manifestations, assess their severity and impact on the daily activity of patients with craniocervical dystonia.

Nowadays, the regional psychiatric service is a main structured part of the mental health care system in Russia. The development of psychiatric service at the present stage is intended to contribute meaningfully to achievement of the goals of National projects:»Health Care» and «Demography». At the same time, abilities of Russian psychiatric service in mental health protection field are limited. Today, psychiatric service is lacking resources for social assistance for the patients, is unable to do psychoprophylactic and psychohygienic work, including work for vulnerable groups. At the present time, the development of the Russian mental health protection system is widely discussed among experts.

The draft of the Regional mental health care system development plan that is proposed by the authors of the article has been designed according to the characteristics of St. Petersburg, the region of the Russian Federation. The European mental health action plan (The Plan of the WHO) served as the basis for development of the thesis. The document contains a preamble, a main objectives section, a conclusion and an appendix. The justification for the development of the mental health care, based on the adapted provisions of the Plan of the WHO, domestic approaches and other informational materials, is provided in the preamble. The next section contains 4 objectives that are the most relevant for the region. Each objective has a plan of the key activities with a clarification regarding which otganisations are responsible for executing it. The activities are summarised in tables and are presented in the appendix. The material is published in reduced form.

The article adduce the results of a study of real existential experiences, such as attitudes towards loneliness, freedom, death, the meaning of life, as well as a temporary lifespan and viability in with opioid dependecе patients who are in a period of unstable remission. The study involved 31 patients of the St. Petersburg.

Drug Treatment Hospital who were in a period of unstable remission and 30 respondents with similar socio-demographic characteristics, but without drug dependence. Comparison of the data showed significant differences in future time perspective and indicators of motivation of opioid-dependents and control group respondents. The negative attitude towards loneliness and the higher level of his experience in drug addicts attracts attention.

Medication compliance and motivation for treatment, as adaptive- compensatory reactions of patients to the awareness of the fact of their own ill- being, are based on subjective perception of the disorder. To date, there is a shortage of objective methods for assessing the subjective concept of morbidity in psychotic patients.

160 inpatients with psychosis in anamnesis were examined: nosologically according ICD-10 80%—F2, 11%—F3, 9%—F0. A self-questionnaire was adapted to the Russian language for determining the subjective meaning and significance of psychosis (Susi). The results of its internal and external (when compared with data on the severity of productive and negative symptoms, subjective assessment of the severity of the condition and treatment motivation of patients) validation are presented.

Conclusions. The applicability of the concept of subjective morbidity in patients with mental disorders is shown. The role of the subjective attitude to the disease in case of its perception as a destructive life event is associated in patients with a violation of the structure of motivation for treatment. On the contrary, the ability of patients to form a subjective meaning of the disease can be considered as a guarantee of more intense therapeutic motivation.

During 3 years we observed in specialized neurological department of St. Olga Children’s City Hospital 708 babies aged up to 42 months with different paroxysmal disorders. Non-epileptic paroxysmal events (NEPE) were diagnosed in 98 cases. These disorders were qualified (according to ILAE criteria) as differentiated and undifferentiated NEPE. In most cases neurophysiological assessment data, neurovisualization data, and neurological status of infants with NEPE and babies from comparison group varied marginally. It was shown that NEPE development correlated with perinatal factors, and with infants’ developmental diseases (functional gastrointestinal disorders, iron deficiency states, chronic or persistent infections). The obtained data was interpreted according to the developmental neurology principles (optimality concept, in particular).

One of the many negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic is the “secondary epidemic” of negative psychological effects

The aim of the study was to identify socio-psychological factors associated with adaptive behavior in the population.

Materials and methods: an on-line survey of 1957 Russian-speaking respondents over 18 years old was performed from 30.03.2020 to 05.04.2020. The level of anxiety distress was verified with the psychological stress scale (PSM-25). Dispersion analyses were used (p<0.05). The size of the effects (SE) was evaluated according to Cohen’s d and Cramer’s V criteria.

Results: Increased levels of psychological stress were associated with self-isolation (SE=0.13), social distanc- ing (SE=0.14) and antiseptic usage (SE=0.11). The scores of psychological stress were higher in individuals who search the media for coronavirus news more than once or twice a day (SE=0.11). At the same time, the fre- quency of requests for information about COVID-19 was not linearly associated to the individuals fears for their own lives. The concerns about the availability of protective equipment were specifically associated to compliance with self-isolation measures (SE=0.1). The combination of concerns about the contagiousness of the virus and the unavailability of medication for daily intake were associated with the principles of social distance (SE=0.12 and SE=0.11 respectively). Moreover, concerns about the lack of specific treatment for COVID-19, the danger to one’s own life, the contagiousness of the virus and the lack of protective equipment were associated with the protective behaviours related to hand hygiene (SE=0.12, SE=0.12, SE=0.11, SE=0.11 respectively). Wearing a mask was characterized by the same anxiety patterns as hand hygiene, but their association was inverse (respectively SE=0.13, SE=0.12, SE=0.14, SE=0.15). The most common type of anxious experience—fear for the health of relatives—was not specifically associated with certain types of behavior and accompanied each of its variants.

Conclusion: Psychological reactions of the population to the COVID-19 pandemic are specifically associated with adaptive behavior in the dynamics of anti-epidemic measures.

This problematic article considers the role of the psychosocial factors on neurotic disorders manifestation in metropolis citizens. The specific factors impact on the neurotic disorders incidence is analyzed. The role of the metropolis psychological and social influence on the ones global functioning is represented. The article describes the specific of the development and course of the neurasthenic, histrionic, obsessive anxiety disorders and non-chemical addictions.

Problems highlighted in this article belongs to the main modern life challenges, taking by WHO as the global problems, that were included in the targeted Healthy Cities program also aimed to treat and prevent metropolis mental disorders.