In the review article, the authors provide the definition of the term «cognitive deficit», epidemiology and possible etiological and pathogenic pathways of child psychiatric disorders, accompanied by cognitive dysfunction, as well as experimental psychological methods which are used to diagnose cognitive deficit. Reasons which lead to cognitive deficit in children are diverse and include almost all neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability, developmental delay, autism and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. The prevalence of psychiatric conditions accompanied by cognitive impairment is extremely high, in spite of substantial achievement in psychopharmacology and rehabilitation. Meanwhile, preservation of human cognitive functioning is the most important mission of the heath-care system.

   The purpose of the study: to study the relationship between emotional burnout and the experience of psychological stress with socio-psychological factors, anxiety-depressive and asthenic manifestations in medical workers during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection.

   227 medical workers were studied using a socio-psychological questionnaire, the Questionnaire of emotional burnout by K. Maslach, the A. Beck Depression Scale, the A. Beck Anxiety Scale, the Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale, the PSM-25 Psychological Stress Scale. The results of the study reveal conflicting attitudes of medical staff towards COVID-19. Psychological distress was revealed in more than a third of those studied in the form of a decrease in emotional tone, increased mental exhaustion, a decrease in interest and positive feelings for others, a feeling of «satiation» with work, dissatisfaction with life in general, and emotional withdrawal. Nearly a quarter of healthcare workers report signs of depression. 30% of respondents experience a fairly high level of fatigue. Doctors are the most emotionally exhausted of all the examined specialists. Doctors and medical psychologists have more pronounced depressive manifestations, depreciation of interpersonal relationships than junior staff. A more pronounced reduction in personal achievements was found in women than in men, and in men, somatic manifestations of depression and fatigue were more pronounced. A greater subjective saturation of experiences for medical workers during a pandemic is caused by the fact that they suffered COVID-19 in their relatives than in themselves.
   Conclusions. There is a certain similarity in the emotional response to stressful situations during the COVID-19 pandemic among doctors and clinical psychologists, in contrast to nurses and orderlies. A COVID-19 infection in loved ones is stressful for healthcare professionals. Gender is associated in different ways with manifestations of psychological stress in medical professionals with a predominance of astheno-depressive manifestations in men and a decrease in confidence in professional competence in women.

   The purpose of the study: to give a comprehensive characteristic (clinical-immunological, psychosocial, psychopathological) of women with HIV / viral hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection, to determine the presence of structural and functional changes in the brain using neuroradiological research methods.

   Material: The main study group consisted of 200 women with HIV / HCV co-infection and 200 women diagnosed with HIV infection without HCV.

   The criteria for inclusion in the study were: age from 18 to 45 years; the presence of a confirmed HIV / HCV co-infection or HCV monoinfection; the absence of the use of psychoactive substances (except alcohol) during 6 months prior to the study; non-pregnant.

   Methods: clinical; socio-demographic; laboratory; instrumental. In the future 36 women were selected from the main and comparison groups by the method of paired comparisons, identical to each other in age, at the initial stages of HIV infection, with a CD4 lymphocyte count of over 350 cells/µl; taking antiretroviral therapy for no more than 12 months; not receiving HCV antiviral therapy; without concomitant diseases; not using any substances during 6 months before the study. The studies of the structure and metabolism of the central nervous system were performed
them: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET / CT) with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG).

   Results: Women with HIV / HCV, unlike women with HIV monoinfection, are more predisposed to the development of psychopathological conditions with a significant frequency of asthenic and anxiety disorders against the background of mild and moderate cognitive impairment, which is probably due to both the presence of concomitant HCV and the use of substances in the past. Patients with HIV / HCV revealed neuroradiological features in the form of vascular and HIV-encephalopathic changes, a high incidence of glucose hypometabolism. The relationship between the localization of signs of glucose hypometabolism and the identified anxiety, cognitive and insomniac disorders has been determined. The algorithm of examination and management of patients with HIV infection and HCV is proposed.

   The paper analyzes domestic and foreign literature on aspects of diagnosis, pathogenesis, neuroimaging data in patients with anorexia nervosa. The results of the examination of the brain of patients with anorexia nervosa using magnetic resonance imaging 43 patients with anorexia nervosa aged 14 to 19 years were examined. The control group consisted of 31 healthy volunteers. Post-processing was carried out using MR voxel-based morphometry. The total volumes of the brain, as well as the volumes of various structures were analyzed in patients with anorexia nervosa in comparison with healthy volunteers. In general, patients with AN showed an increase in the total amount of CSF, a decrease in the volume of gray matter, mainly due to the cortex of the left hemisphere, and white matter, and there was no statistically significant ventriculodilatation, i. e. there is an expansion of external liquor spaces. As a result of the study, MR-morphometric analysis revealed significant differences in the thickness of the left hemisphere cortex, in absence of differences in the thickness of the right hemisphere cortex. At the same time, in patients with anorexia was detected a decrease in the thickness of precuneus cortex, superior frontal and anterior medial cortex, precentral, inferior temporal, inferior parietal and lateral occipital cortex. And the insula cortex in patients with anorexia was significantly thicker than in the control group.

   Introduction: Currently, there is a large amount of data that inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, pterin metabolism disturbances and other biochemical abnormalities are more often present in schizophrenia compared to general population. They may also play the role of etiopathogenetic factors in schizophrenia mechanisms. At the same time, there are no studies with an assessment of a wide range of correctable biochemical abnormalities in one sample of patients. Moreover, screening algorithms for the detection and personalized correction of controlled biomarkers have not been introduced into clinical practice yet.

   The aim of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of significant etiopathogenetic biochemical disturbances in patients with schizophrenia in order to justify the need for biochemical screening and correction of the corresponding abnormalities.

   Materials and methods: in the blood serum of 125 patients with schizophrenia and 95 healthy volunteers the levels of folate and cobalamin (B12) (chemiluminescent immunoassay on microparticles), homocysteine (HC, enzymatic analysis), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, competitive enzyme immunoassay, ELISA), reduced glutathione (GSH, spectrophotometry with Ellman’s reagent), interleukin-6 (IL-6, ELISA based on a three-stage «sandwich version») and C-reactive protein (CRP, immunoturbodimetric method) were evaluated.

   Results: In patients with schizophrenia the level of all studied serum biochemical markers, except for B12, was significantly different compared to healthy volunteers. The deviations levels of the studied parameters from the reference values in patients were statistically significantly higher in the markers of pterin metabolism (VH4: p = 0.0000; folates: p = 0.0000; HC: p = 0.0094). 29.6 % of patients were carriers of 4 or more studied biochemical abnormalities, while among healthy volunteers this occured in 5.3 % of cases (Xi2 = 19.2; p < 0.001).

   Conclusion: The results obtained raise the question for the need of monitoring principles for a number of biochemical markers in schizophrenia and their implementation in clinical practice.

   Changes in the motivational structure are considered one of the central characteristics of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The latest motivational models of AUD were developed based on recent neurobiological research findings. According to these models, three main drinking motives can be identified — drinking as a reward, as a relief, and as a habit.
   The goal of the study was to explore the main differences in the psychological and clinical characteristics of patients with AUD depending on the predominant drinking motive.

   For this study, 76 individuals (50 men (65.79 %), average age 42.25 ± 9.36 y. o. (М ± SD)) undergoing in-patient treatment for the symptoms of AUD were recruited. The following methods were used: clinical interview, UCLA Reward, Relief, Habit Drinking Scale, Penn Alcohol Craving Scale, Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, Behavioral Activation Scale/Behavioral Inhibition Scale, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The participants were divided into three groups depending on their predominant drinking motive. The participants with the predominant “drinking as a habit” motivation reported using strategies of “refocusing on planning” and “positive reappraisal” significantly less often. At the same time, the intensity of “drinking as a habit” motive positively correlated with the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and negatively — with the strength of the behavioral inhibition system. The participants with the “drinking as a reward” motivation reported having greater reward responsiveness as compared to the combined group of participants with the relief and habit drinking motives. The intensity of “drinking as a relief” motivation positively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms. It was also noted that the participants, who did not identify the predominant drinking motive, reported having decreased levels of emotional and physical functioning and less frequent use of the certain adaptive emotional regulation strategies. In contrast with the previous studies, the relationship between the prevailing drinking motives and characteristics of drinking or the severity of AUD was not identified.

   Objective: to determinate the clinical and psychopathological characteristics of autoagressive behavior (AB) in youth in the trajectory of borderline personality disorder (BPD) with determinate relathionship between each other, further dynamics and prognosis.
   Material and methods. Clinical-psychopathological (61 patients), follow-up (55 patients), retrospectively and psychometric methods, 116 patients males and females with autoagressive behavior (AB) in youth in the trajectory of BPD were clinically observed in outpatiently and psychiatric hospital. Patients with AB were divided into three equal groups: 1 — Non-suicidal self injurance (NSSI); 2- suicidal attempts (SA); 3- NSSI with SA.
   Results. Correlations have been established between the original typology of BPD and AB: in the clinical group — impulsivity (64%) and demonstrative (24 %) AB of BPD type I (“affective storm”), addictive (44.4 %) in type II (“addictive adrenalin addiction”) — depersonalization (51,9%) and self-torturing (11,1 %) in type III (“cognitive distortions and disorders of self-identification”). In the follow-up group was noted transformation of main variants AB towards addictive behavior (56,4 %).
   Conclusion and findings. The formation of auto-aggressive behavior in adolescence and in the trajectory of BPD is due to the interaction of the age factor with the main personality traits of BPD — impulsivity, affective instability, impaired identification, alexithymia and leading psychopathological syndromes. A high association of NSSI with suicidal activity was confirmed, and high suicidal risk for BPD was revealed not only in adolescence, but also after it has passed. The data obtained will contribute to the future study of autoagressive behavoir in personality disorder and for the creation of new therapeutic and social models of patients.

   Objective: Establishing a link between the structure and severity of psychopathological symptoms and the level of functioning in patients at risk of schizophrenia.

   Material and Methods: The study examined 38 patients with a depressive episode with attenuated positive symptoms (APS) from the risk group of schizophrenia hospitalized in 2011-2015. The follow-up was 7.3 ± 1.7 years. At the time of the examination, all patients were in remission. HDRS (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale), SOPS (Scale of Prodromal Symptoms) and (SANS) Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms were used. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 12 program.
   Results: At the time of the survey, 21.1% of the cases were diagnosed as schizophrenic (F25 and F20 according to ICD-10), 28.9 % as affective (F34.0, F31.3, F31.7 and F33.4), 13.2 % as personal disorders (F60.1, F60.a, F3.8 per cent) and 36,8 % as schizotypal disorders (F21.3, F21.4, F21.5, F21.8). Social performance on the PSP scale of 13.2 % was rated as high (100-81 points), 28.9 % and 31.6 % as average (80-61 and 60-41 points respectively) and 26.3 % as low (less than 40 points). The strongest correlations (p˂0.05) are found between total scores on the SOPS scale, negative SOPS scores, total SANS score and PSP score (- 0.854, - 0.876, - 0.812 respectively), subscale of negative SOPS symptoms and socially beneficial PSP activity (-0.831) subscale of apathy-anhedonia SANS and social relations PSP (0,801).

   Discussion: A high level of social functioning is possible provided there is a complete reduction of the prodromal and depressive symptoms, at medium levels, functioning is determined primarily by increasing negative symptoms, especially the domain of avolition - apathy, and low levels are formed by persistent APS, increasing symptoms of disorganization and negative symptoms.

   Conclusion: The study showed that the outcome of the first depressive episode with the risk symptoms of schizophrenia is generally characterized by some degree of decline in social functioning, which cannot be considered as a phenomenon in its own right, on the contrary, it’s a derivative of psychopathological symptoms.

   In this article, we want to present the reader with an interesting clinical case from authors’ practice, which, in our opinion, clearly demonstrates the efficacy and safety of using Gliatilin (choline alfoscerate) as a part of combination therapy in a 19-year-old man with so-called «long COVID syndrome», manifesting itself predominantly as mix of symptoms of asthenia, depression, anxiety, sleep and cognitive difficulties. This patient, for his ideological reasons and beliefs, refused taking antidepressants, anxiolytics, as well as any other psychotropic drugs. At the same time, the patient asked for help in choosing «a treatment, which will consist of only natural ingredients».

   The introduction of information technologies is inextricably linked with improving the quality and accessibility of medical care, as well as reducing the cost of medical services. Digital phenotyping is one of the clinical tools in the field of information technology that allows you to evaluate a person’s phenotype using various personal information devices, such as a smartphone, tablet, smartwatch, various sensors and other computer tools. The advantage of digital phenotyping is the ability to receive information about the patient’s condition in real time, without inpatient and outpatient monitoring and even without the active participation of the patient himself. This fact significantly expands the possibilities of screening and diagnosis of mental disorders, and also helps to track the risks of relapses and take timely measures to prevent an exacerbation of the disease. Information technologies have great prospects for use for scientific purposes — they provide an opportunity to conduct research online that does not require visiting research centers, while at the same time reducing the time and costs of ongoing clinical trials. However, the use of digital phenotyping for scientific and clinical purposes has a number of limitations. For further improvement of digital phenotyping in order to screen psychopathology and subsequent assessment of the condition of patients, it is necessary to develop new psychometric tools used in electronic form and devoid of the shortcomings of questionnaires that are currently being used. This critical review provides data on the current opportunities and problems of digital phenotyping, as well as the prospects for its development.

   A clinical case of the use of cariprazine in a patient with therapeutically resistant simple schizophrenia is considered. The debut and development of the disorder, pharmacological history are presented. The clinical and pharmacological aspects of the rationale for choosing cariprazine as an effective and safe drug for the treatment of schizophrenia with predominantly negative symptoms are analyzed.

   Based on a review of domestic and foreign literature, the article highlights the main approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The importance of rapid detection and timely provision of medical care for this disease is shown. The definition of PTSD is formulated, the etiological factors are described, the place in modern classifications, clinical features, the main groups of characteristic symptoms. The role of a medical psychologist in a multiprofessional team providing assistance to patients with PTSD is shown. Comprehensive treatment of PTSD should include psychopharmacotherapy, the first line of which are SSRIs, and psychotherapy methods that have scientifically proven effectiveness in relation to this nosology.