On the occasion of the 95th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding psychotherapist B.D. Karvasarsky, this article explores the transdiagnostic potential of person-oriented (reconstructive) psychotherapy (PORP) in treating comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders. Developed within the Leningrad–St. Petersburg school of psychotherapy, PORP is based on V.N. Myasishchev’s psychological theory of relationships and views the patient’s disrupted relational system as the primary pathogenetic factor in neurotic disorders. Unlike the mononozological approach focused on ICD-10 diagnoses, the transdiagnostic potential of PORP emphasizes deep personality mechanisms that underlie various clinical manifestations. PORP consists of several sequential stages: diagnosis and establishment of contact, insight and confrontation, reconstruction of the relational system, and consolidation of new attitudes in everyday practice. PORP demonstrates particular effectiveness in comorbid conditions, as it interprets depression and anxiety as complementary responses to disturbed relationships.

The advantages of PORP include a holistic approach to personality, work with deep structural layers, a high degree of individualization, and the ability to achieve not only symptomatic relief but also sustained changes in personality functioning, significantly reducing the risk of relapse. The article emphasizes the importance of developing transdiagnostic approaches in psychotherapy to overcome the limitations of current diagnostic practices and achieve stable remission in complex clinical cases.

Non-suicidal self-injury is a significant adolescent mental health problem and a risk factor for suicide. Understanding the biological mechanisms of self-injurious behavior is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Aim: To summarize and critically analyze contemporary scientific data on the biology of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents.

Methods. A narrative review was conducted (databases searched: MEDLINE, Web of Science, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka). Studies investigating biological aspects of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescent samples were included. Findings from selected studies were structured according to biological systems, and data were synthesized with regards to the interplay between these systems within the developmental trajectory of self-injurious behavior.

Results. The review revealed multisystem impairments in non-suicidal self-injury: structural and functional brain changes (particularly in the prefrontal cortex, somatosensory areas, and default mode network); dysfunction of neurochemical systems (deficit in endogenous opioids, alterations in endocannabinoids); dysregulation of both hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system (hyporeactivity to psychosocial stress, hyperreactivity to pain); activation of immune-inflammatory mechanisms; reduced pain sensitivity; and genetic (moderate heritability, serotonin-related gene polymorphisms) and epigenetic factors (hypermethylation of POMC). Complex interplay between biological factors within a temporal framework (distal predictors, proximal correlates, immediate episode-related factors) is discussed.

Conclusion. Non-suicidal self-injurious behavior in adolescents is characterized by multisystem biological dysfunctions shaped by genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Despite data heterogeneity, the findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of non-suicidal self-injury and open prospects for developing risk biomarkers and biologically informed, personalized therapeutic approaches. Longitudinal studies integrating the assessment of biological and psychosocial factors are necessary to overcome current methodological limitations.

Relevance. In studies devoted to mental health disorders of family members of war veterans, recommendations are given for psychological correction that need to be differentiated and specified depending on the specifics of these disorders, as well as depending on the socio-psychological, cultural, ideological characteristics of each particular family, within which its members find psychological resources for coping with mental trauma. The purpose of this work was to analyze and summarize existing studies on mental health disorders and the development of specific areas (models) of specialized psychological assistance to children of veterans of military conflicts. The analysis of literary sources was the first stage of the study, implemented at the Chechen State Pedagogical University within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation «Development and testing of an integrated model for the correction of stress-related disorders in traumatized children of participants in the SVO in a school setting.» Material and methods. The methods used were the analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources containing the results of randomized controlled studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses of works devoted to mental health disorders of war veterans and their family members. Preference was given to publications for the last 5 years. Results. Analysis of the research results shows that the presence of health problems in parents who participated in military operations significantly affects the risk of developing psychosomatic symptoms and mental disorders in children, mainly in the form of anxiety, depression, phobic disorders, and also determines a decrease in academic performance, interest in learning and communication, provokes behavioral disorders, increased conflict, aggression and hostility. Conclusions. Three main areas (models) of organizing psychological assistance to children of veterans of military conflicts can be distinguished, taking into account the socio-psychological characteristics of the veteran’s family, which can be integrated into a comprehensive system of assistance to children and family members of veterans of a special military operation: clinical and psychological model; psychological and pedagogical model; socio-psychological model.

The «anti-reward» system is closely linked to the functions of kappa-opioid (KOP) and nociceptin opioid (NOP) receptors. Their hyperactivation suppresses dopaminergic neurotransmission and leads to the development of anhedonia and negative affective states. Opioid antagonists aimed at supression of the antireward system represent a potentially novel class of psychopharmacological agents. Their action is directed not at stimulation of reward mechanisms, unlike traditional antidepressants, but at weakening hyperactive antireward processes. However, drugs currently undergoing clinical trials block only one type of receptor — KOP. This selective targeting may explain the disappointing results of phase 3 clinical trials of three kappa-opioid antagonists (aticaprant, navacaprant, ALKS-5461). A possible reason for the failure of KOP antagonists may be their lack of ability to prevent spontaneous (constitutive) receptor activation. Critically, if treatment-resistant depression results from increased constitutive activity of KOP receptors, then neutral KOP receptor antagonists are not ideal pharmacotherapeutic tools.

KOP and NOP receptors are evolutionary paralogs formed by duplication of a single ancestor gene. They diverged during evolution but retained some degree of functional homology thus being able to compensate for each other’s loss of function. It can be assumed that simultaneous blockade of both KOP and NOP receptors would increase the clinical efficacy. Apparently, development of dual inverse agonists of both KOP and NOP receptors may prove the most promising. This review represents a theoretical basis for the emergence of a new psychopharmacological class — antagonists (blockers) of hyperactive opioidergic negative feedback loop within the endogenous reward system. We propose the name «hedoliberants» for this class (from Greek ‘hedone’ meaning pleasure and Latin ‘liberare’ meaning to free), reflecting the mechanism of liberation from pathological suppression of the endogenous reward system.

This study challenges the cultural myth of the “27 Club” as a statistical mortality anomaly among musicians aged 27 years, drawing on epidemiological evidence that does not demonstrate a distinct mortality spike at this age, while confirming an overall elevated risk during early adulthood. Using a qualitative multiple-case study design (Janis Joplin, Kurt Cobain, and Amy Winehouse), we examine how individual psychological vulnerability—characterised by a triad of features (emotional dysregulation, chronic distress, and the use of psychoactive substances as a primary coping strategy)—is catastrophically amplified by systemic factors. Cultural narratives romanticise self-destructive behaviour and stigmatise help-seeking, thereby turning psychopathology into a marker of authenticity. The music industry acts as a risk catalyst by normalising substance use, imposing exhausting schedules, and restricting access to treatment through contractual sanctions.

Clinical systems respond inadequately due to an overemphasis on a single diagnosis at the expense of others (the “diagnostic overshadowing” phenomenon) and limited availability of integrated approaches to comorbidity management. Thematic analysis identified recurring patterns of cultural amplification, industrial catalysis, and systemic barriers to care that operate recursively with the individual vulnerability triad. The findings suggest that these artists’ deaths are linked to preventable occupational risks rather than a mystical coincidence. The article argues for reforms, including the integration of mental health assessment into contracts, the development of mobile integrated care services, and the deconstruction of the “tortured genius” narrative.

The second part of the article continues the analysis of the fundamental differences between the pathophysiology, clinic, course, and outcomes of cycloid motility psychosis, periodic catatonia, and persistent catatonia. It is evident that the diagnostic criteria outlined in the International Classifications of Diseases in their 10th and 11th editions hinder their accurate distinction. The substitution of «operational criteria» for clinical phenomenology, the mechanistic unification of any psychomotor abnormalities into a construct of catatonia, leads to a distortion of basic concepts and low productivity of scientific research in this field. According to the authors, a return to the generally accepted phenomenological diagnosis in all clinical disciplines is necessary. The systematics of psychomotor psychoses developed by the Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school can serve as a promising basis for practical application and further research.

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents is a significant clinical and social concern, particularly among girls. It is associated with anxiety, maladaptation, and lack of social support. Despite increasing research attention, the interplay of these factors in clinical samples in Russia remains insufficiently explored.

Objective. To analyze the relationships between anxiety levels, socio-psychological adaptation, perceived social support, and clinical characteristics in adolescent girls with NSSI in order to identify key psychological and social factors associated with this behavior.

Patients and Methods: A crosssectional study with prospective data collection was conducted. The sample included 186 girls aged 12–17 years with confirmed NSSI episodes, undergoing inpatient treatment. Psychometric tools: Multidimensional Assessment of Child Anxiety (MODT), Socio-Psychological Adaptation Scale (SPA), Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS). Statistical analysis included descriptive methods, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Spearman’s correlation.

Results: Participants demonstrated high anxiety levels (M = 5.12 on MODT), particularly in situations of social evaluation (M = 5.41) and self-expression (M = 5.5). Adaptation deficits (SPA integral score: M = 59.28) correlated with anxiety (r = –0.74). Low parental (M = 50.02) and teacher support (M = 47.01) were more pronounced in affective disorders (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The results confirm the association between anxiety and a lack of social support with NSSI in adolescent girls. A comprehensive approach is recommended, including psychotherapy, family counseling, and school-based prevention programs.

The study is dedicated to evaluating the effectiveness of bioacoustic correction (BAC) in combination with first-line pharmacotherapy for the treatment of patients with panic disorder (PD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). A randomized controlled trial involved 60 patients divided into two groups: the main group (30 individuals) received first-line pharmacotherapy for PD and GAD along with 15 sessions of BAC, while the control group (30 individuals) received only pharmacotherapy. Assessment was conducted using the HARS (anxiety), MADRS (depression), GAD-7, and the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire.

The results showed that the main group demonstrated a significant reduction in scores on anxiety scales (HARS: 45.5%) and depression scales (MADRS: 68.9%) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Quality of life improved in both groups, but the main group showed more pronounced progress in psychological aspects (social functioning, vitality). After 4 weeks of observation, the stability of the effect was higher in the main group (CGI: 2 vs. 3 points in the control). Intergroup differences in physical indicators of the SF-36 were found to be insignificant, indicating a predominant effect of BAC on affective symptoms. The combination of BAC with pharmacotherapy enhances anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, contributing to sustained remission. This method may be recommended for patients with PD, GAD, as well as comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders, especially when standard treatment is insufficiently effective.