The particular direction in the study of neuropathy is the development of its typology. Neuropathy appears to be clinical and nosological form, which is diagnosed mainly in pediatric practice. That is why it is possible to establish not only the clinical signs, but also a typology of neuropathic disorders with ontogenetic positions. The main symptoms of neuropathy include immaturity of autonomic regulation, increased excitability and increased exhaustion. The violation often occurs when the combined effect of the various factors entering into the syndrome of mixed origin, which is based on the biopsychosocial substrate. It is the least studied and poorly described in the literature variant. The study with a biopsychosocial position presents a typology of four neuropathic syndromes: the syndrome of true neuropathy, syndrome of organic neuropathy syndrome neuropathy psychogenic syndrome neuropathy of mixed origin.

A plenty of studies show that the post- stroke depression is a difficult and complex problem, which bids defiance to the whole rehabilitation system. The solution of this objective definitely needs some specific diagnostic utilities and the most actual treatment methods. At the same time, there are some reasons, which do not allow us to reach an optimal rehabilitation result. In our paper we are reviewing both diagnostic problems of a post- stroke depression and some of the most promising diagnostic and treatment techniques, and hope that will help us solving an issue.

The article provides a review on cognitive impairment in patients with hematological malignancies before and after bone marrow transplantation. Risk factors for cognitive impairments in these patients, such as chemotherapy, myeloablative and immunosuppressive therapy, anxiety and depressive disorders, posttraumatic-stress disorder, asthenic syndrome were considered. It is noted that Multifactorial etiology of cognitive impairments prompt to research the impact of psychopathological conditions, neuropsychological and neurological status of patients, treatment protocols, EEG parameters, MRI in the same time and their dynamics.

The questions of methodology of studying of relatives of patients with chronic diseases are considered. Experience and possibility of application of burnout concept for relatives of patients with somatic, mental and addictive disorders is analyzed in the message 1. The need of implementation of this construct as the explanatory model for understanding of relationships connected with caregiving in family is noted. Social, economic and cultural conditions defining modern conceptualizations of consequences of burnout for relatives of patients with chronic diseases are traced. Challenges of implementation of burnuot construct into the area of research of addict’s relatives are described in the message 2.

Stroke survivors’ rehabilitation includes physical training and behavioral activation, which associated with pain and discomfort so distress tolerance is important for social adaptation after stroke. We compared effect of ACT and placebo on distress tolerance of 24 patients with cerebrovascular disease. Data analysis showed that 30 min. ACT intervention associated with moderate improving of distress tolerance (F(1,22) = 5.20, p = .03, η^2 = 0.11), effect cannot be explained by changes in negative affect (β = -0.16 [95% C. I. -0.37 - 0.05], p = .13).

The outcomes of adolescent anorexia nervosa depend not only on the clinical dynamics of the disorder itself but also on the kinds of treatment, which can sometimes adversely affect the course of the disease. This is due to several unaccounted factors, which can be prognostically adverse and can facilitate the relapse of anorexia nervosa at a young age. Both a large number of relapses and the general duration of hospital treatment indicate a possibility of adverse outcome, which can be seen in about 30% of the cases in clinical practice. The article contains clinical observations based information on common variants of the course of anorexia nervosa in females at the beginning of treatment, the frequency of relapses and their determining factors.

By example of patients with schizotypal disorder belonging to the schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the study provides evidence of reliable association between cognitive dysfunction (in attention, memory, thinking) and mechanisms of psychological adaptation (defence mechanisms, coping and the type of attitude to the disease)in patients of this group. Particularly, it was found that the more severe violations of cognitive function were identified the more in adaptive mechanisms of psychological adaptation were used by the patients.

We undertook this observational study among 435 patients (365 men and 70 women) who were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of the brain damage (clinical features and results of neuropsychological assessment, magnetic resonance imaging, electroenchephalography, transcortical Doppler): 1. Patients with alcohol dependence syndrome F10.2х) without comorbid psychiatric disorders; 2. Patients with alcohol dependence syndrome F10.2х) and mild comorbid organic brain disorder F06.7x; 3. Patients with alcohol dependence syndrome F10.2х) and moderate comorbid organic brain disorder (F06.7x). We assessed the severity of emotional disorders, alexithymia and interhemispheric asymmetry and compared these features between the groups. We found that the severity of the organic brain damage play important role in the association between the interhemispheric asymmetry and the severity of emotional disorders and alexithymia in patients with alcohol dependence. The complex analysis of the data shown that left-handedness and a functional asymmetry toward the left are the protective factors for the emotional disorders and alexithymia in the group of patients without organic brain disorder. Moreover, right-sided cerebral deficiency and a functional asymmetry toward the right are associated with higher risk of the emotional disorders in patients with alcohol dependence.

In recent years, new data in neuroanatomy of patients with various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, were obtained usingmagnetic resonance morphometry. Morphometry of the brain structures using MRI became widespread because of the introduction into clinical practice of a high-resolution mode and the emergence of the voxel transformations of three-dimensional data. The analysis of the brain structures is made more precise with the help of such programs. They help to avoid the «subjectivity» of the operator when the so-called «manual» method of the separation of brain structures. In the current study voxel-based morphometry method revealed a number of morphological characteristicsin the group of patients with dementia of Alzheimer’s type, namely, the gray matter atrophy of the cerebral cortex, subcortical gray matter structures, structures of the white matter of the brain, and the increase in the volume of the ventricular system of the brain. These results are connected with the functional features in this disease.

The article describes the authors’ point of view on the advisability of a wider use of the modern structural and functional approach in neuropsychological diagnostics, the need for multidimensional, complex studies combining traditional neuropsychological diagnostics with neurovisualization (MRT) technology that objectively identifies the morphofunctional specificity of brain deficiency with regard to functional interhemispheric asymmetry. In the qualification of the disorders of the VFF, a system of assessing the severity and dynamics of cognitive disorders is essential when analyzing its structural and content characteristics. Attention is drawn to the need for the development and wider application of standardized neuropsychological methods (tests) required in comparative studies and evaluation of their diagnostic effectiveness, taking into account the trends in the development of clinical neurosciences and the possibilities for neurorehabilitation, and the expansion of the capabilities of modern information technologies for creating a «bank» of psychodiagnostic information and Exchange of experience of specialists. As an example, the results of standardization and approbation of the methods «Complex figure of Ray-Osterritus» and «Digital proof-examination» on the clinical model of patients with temporal epilepsy are given.

The effect of Vortioxetine (Brintellix) on the condition of cognitive functions and depression symptoms has been studied on a small population of middle aged and elderly patients with depression developed on the background of chronical brain ischemia. Patients were taking Vortioxetine in the dose of 10 mg during 6 months. Vortioxetine eliminated both cognitive dysfunction and symptoms of depression in patients of both age groups. Cognitive remission as well as absence of relapses continued within 6 months after medication cancellation. Vortioxetine showed a good acceptability and safety in the study population.

In work the modern view on questions of an etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerate diseases and in particular is provided to Parkinson’s disease. Outstanding performance of a method of a chemical destruction of vestibular receptors (CDVR) in case of treatment of a Parkinson’s disease is shown. By means of a packet of paraclinical trials high-quality and quantitative changes in a condition of patients, after application of CDVR are shown. The clinical case of the expressed improvement of a condition of the patient, after application of CDVR without participation of drug treatment is by way of illustration given.

This article discusses the risks associated with exercise addiction (sport addiction) and eating disorders among women participating in fitness classes. The sample consisted of 190 women assigned to an experimental group (N=114) and healthy control group (N=76) and were eligible for inclusion based on their frequency of class attendance. Participants completed a number of measures assessing the study variables including a specialized socio-demographic profile survey, the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), and the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26). Among those assigned to the experimental group, 13.15% were classified as at risk for exercise addiction with 16.6% of women at risk of an eating disorder. Group classification of the entire combined sample yielded three groups: (1) Non-Sports Addiction, (2) Sports Addiction Symptoms, and (3) At Risk Sports Addiction. Data analysis revealed a positive relationship between increased risk of sports addiction and increased risk of eating disorders. In general, this research suggests that women actively involved in fitness are at a higher risk of exercise addiction and eating disorders, providing evidence supporting the secondary nature of the sport addiction.

The article considers conceptual frameworks underlying the psychiatric and psychotherapeutic approaches to the mental disorders. The attention is drawn to the considerable differences between these approaches, as regards the doctor’s therapeutic position, focus of attention in the diagnostic process, means of treatment, definitions and descriptions of normality, accepted in these approaches. It is offered, for convenience of the clinical practice, to consider these approaches as the relatively independent, but at the same time as the complementary ones, in accordance with the principle of complementarity, formulated by physicist N. Bohr in quantum mechanics for systematization of the data, received in different circumstances of observation, by the observers with different attitudes. The author offers to consider every patient with mental disorder in clinical practice from the points of view of these 2 axes (the psychiatric medical approach and the psychotherapeutic approach) independently.

Tardive drug dystonia / dyskinesia is one of the rare, and at the same time, the most severe motor complications associated with the use of pharmacological drugs. Complex assessment of risk factors for the development of tardive drug-induced side effects makes it possible to take a more rational approach for the target therapy, to make rehabilitation more effective and safe.

Summery. This article is devoted the clinical and psychological ideas of scientist in terms of systematic approach. They were in used as a based in the formed the scientific school of psychiatry. V. Kh. Kandinsky as an outstanding scientist contributed to the becoming the systematic approaches, which have influence on standing domestic psychiatry.