Summary. Along with traditional research on psychiatric stigma, there has recently been increasing interest in the neurobiological factors associated with stigmatization.

Aim: to study the most common research methods in the studies of the neurobiological correlates of stigmatization phenomenon and its components, as well as to systematize their results, taking into account their methodological limitations.

Materials and Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR extension. Studies were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO using the Ovid platform. After evaluating 2358 articles according to inclusion, non-inclusion, and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were included in the final analysis.

Results: The most of the studies were conducted on samples of healthy respondents without a control group (14 articles). The mean age of respondents ranged from 18.8 [1.0] to 42.7 [14.7] years. Psychiatric stigma was studied in 2 studies; in the remaining articles, various components of stigma were studied, among which social rejection sensitivity was most often studied (13 articles). Among fMRI paradigm the Cyberball social exclusion task was used more often (10 articles). Changes in neural activity, correlating with the severity of stigma and its constituent constructs, were found in the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, insula, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, ventral region of the striatum, putamen, amygdala.

Conclusion: Functional magnetic resonance studies can be an effective tool for verifying and assessing the dynamics of the psychological state of people experiencing the phenomenon of stigmatization.

The scientific review focuses on the relevant for modern medicine problem of psychotherapy of somatoform disorders (SFD). It is based on the analysis of 106 publications on this topic (46 of them in Russian and 60 in English). The search for publications was carried out in the RSCI and Medline bibliographic databases. The purpose of the review was to form ideas about the current state of the psychotherapy of SFD with the highlighting and comparison of the main current approaches in this area. The review analyzes the overall effectiveness of psychotherapy of SFD and considers the following modern its directions: cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based psychotherapy, dynamic psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, other (rarely mentioned) psychotherapeutic methods, as well as polymodal and remote approaches to psychotherapy of SFD.

The summary of the literary information presented in the review allows to conclude that psychotherapy today is considered by most authors as an important, possibly even leading component of the treatment of the considered mental pathology type. At the same time, data on its clinical effectiveness, especially in isolated use, remains ambiguous, in addition, among researchers there is still no unity of views on the main targets of psychotherapeutic impacts in SFD, as well as on the most suitable forms and methods of psychotherapy for the treatment of this pathology. Information on the clinical effectiveness of specific psychotherapeutic methods currently used for the treatment of SFD is either ambiguous or incomplete, and the polymodal approaches to psychotherapy of SFD proposed by some authors have insufficient scientific justification for the methodological combinations used in them. The future of psychotherapy of SFD is seen by the authors of this review in the development of integrative psychotherapeutic programs that combine elements of several multidirectional methods of psychotherapy, but that are based on knowledge of the general personal and psychological characteristics of patients suffering from SFD.

Cognitive impairment, including cognitive control, mediates the negative social consequences of alcohol-related behavior, but few studies have examined these processes in the Russian speaking population using modern and standardized assessment methods. Thus, the aim of the study was to examine the features of cognitive control (inhibition of automatic response) and the general level of cognitive functioning in a Russianspeaking sample of alcohol-dependent individuals (AD) using quantitative assessment methods. Materials and Methods. 111 individuals diagnosed with alcohol dependence (F10.30) and 27 healthy participants were examined by using the Brief Assessment of Cognitive Functioning in Affective Disorders Battery (BAC-A) and additional tests of cognitive control (Stroop test with incongruent stimuli, Stroop test with alcohol-associated stimuli). The statistical methods were U-Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation coefficient, two-stage least squares regression. Results. In the AD group the indices of cognitive functioning were significantly lower in all parameters except for the subtests of verbal memory and digit sequence (p<0,05). The model of the relationship between the parameters of general cognitive functioning and cognitive control reveals that the index of incongruence to alcohol-related stimuli was a significant predictor of sampe affiliation. Discussion. The obtained results may indicate the presence of impairments of speed of mental processes, planning , verbal fluency and response inhibition function in the group of individuals with AD. In the studied group, the automatic response inhibition function mediates the general cognitive functioning only within the relevant contextual stimuli.

The aim of the research was to study the personality traits of patients with vegetative disorders (VD) and the identification of their psychosomatic relationships with heart rate variability (HRV) and with a clinical degree of severity of vegetative manifestations.The military personnel of Petrozavodsk were examined: the main group (MG) — 104 people with VD (average age 36,8±7,7 years, gender index 1:1); control group (СG) — 30 healthy individuals (average age 36,1±5,5 years; gender index 1:1; p=0,761).We used: «A questionnaire to identify signs of vegetative changes» (Vane A. M., 2003); cardiointervalography with an assessment of integrative indicators (standard deviation of RR — intervals (SDNN, ms) and total power of the spectrum (TR, ms²)). Personality traits were examined using the «Big Five» test (The Big Five Inventory–2 Short Form (BFI–2–S)). Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out in Excel 14.0 environment using Statistica 6.0 software packages. It was revealed that in patients with VD, compared with healthy ones, there is a moderate vegetative imbalance (36,63±10,50 / 2,67±1,96 points according to the A. M. Vane questionnaire); and a decrease in the level of vegetative regulation (with a predominance of sympathetic) with a decrease in adaptive capabilities (TP 1512,69±1005,38 ms² and 6548,80±3898,95 ms²; SDNN 38,34±13,27 ms and 80,17±23,59 ms in MG and СG, respectively; p<0,05).

The results of BFI–2–S indicated that patients with VD have an increased level of neuroticism against the background of a weakening of such personal qualities as: extraversion, benevolence, good faith, openness to experience. Neuroticism is a characteristic personality trait that, through a system of psychosomatic relationships, exacerbates the clinical and neurological manifestations of the disease. It directly correlates with the severity of vegetative imbalance (according to the A. M. Vane questionnaire; R = 0,66), and vice versa — with heart rate variability (R = — 0,56 for SPNN; R = — 0,53 for TP). The results of the study make it possible to optimize personalized strategies for the medical and psychological rehabilitation of people with VD.

Summary. The aim was to assess the influence of premorbid cognitive deficit on the effectiveness of rehabilitation using VR technologies and cognitive-functional status of patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke based on statistical methodology.

Materials and methods: 120 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke were examined. The IQCODE questionnaire was used to identify the patient’s cognitive decline before and the Pandas and SciPy libraries.

Results: all patients had a multifunctional type of cognitive impairment with a predominant decline in the areas of executive function, memory, speech and perception. Patients of the 2^nd group had a more pronounced deficit in the areas of constructive praxis, episodic memory, semantic information processing and perception. Assessment of the dynamics of cognitive impairment during therapy revealed a significant improvement in memory loss (p=0, 0034), executive dysfunction (p<0.0001) and attention impairment (p=0.0001) in patients of 1^st group and regression cognitive deficit in almost all cognitive areas in patients of 2^nd group. Factors impeding rehabilitation in 1^st group of patients were attention (r = -0,325) and perceptual disorders (r = -0,425); in 2^nd group: semantic aphasia (r = -0,425), constructive apraxia (r = -0,325), speech impairment (r = — 0,375), object agnosia (r = -0,323) and IQCODE (r = -0,395).

Conclusion: pre-stroke cognitive impairments are predictors of the development and progression of post-stroke cognitive deficits and reduce the possibilities of rehabilitation and cognitive recovery. The introduction of IQCODE in the diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction in the acute period of ischemic stroke is a useful tool in predicting the course and development of cognitive deficit and studying the prospects of rehabilitation programmes using VR technologies in patients with pre-stroke cognitive impairment.

Numerous studies suggest that caring for someone with a chronic disease is often associated with the various negative consequences for the patient’s informal caregivers. At the same time, positive changes caused by the stress influence of patient’s disease can be also noted. For example, the so-called posttraumatic growth. Currently, there is a lack of assessment tools in domestic psychology, that allow to investigate the relation between constructive (developmental) and destructive aspects of the relative’s mental response in a situation of chronic illness of a loved one.

The aim of this work was to carry out cross-cultural adaptation and primary approbation of the Posttraumatic Growth and Depreciation Inventory — Expanded version (PTGDI-X). Primary approbation was performed on a focus group of relatives of patients with cerebral pathology (n = 61, mean age 51,2 [SD = 15,3] years). Convergent and discriminant validity of the PTGDI-X assessed using World Assumption Scale (WAS), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Level of Relatives’ Emotional Burnout Questionnaire (LREB). In addition, a specially adapted for the research Burden questionnaire was used.

The analysis revealed good psychometric characteristics of the PTGDI-X Russian version in terms of: internal subscales consistency (Cronbach’s α coefficients varied from 0,73 to 0,86), internal and external construct validity

The article presents a clinical case of the senesto-hypochondriacal form of schizophrenia, the implementation of violations of bodily perception within which for a long time was limited to the orofacial space against the background of orthodontic pathology. Prosopalgia is a transnosological syndrome characteristic of a heterogeneous group of disorders, the differential diagnosis of which, due to the peculiarities of the innervation of the facial area, can be difficult and requires special attention for the timely determination of their nosological affiliation and the initiation of adequate therapy. Interest in the clinical case is due to longlasting senestoalgic syndrome, similar in clinical picture to established pathology of the temporomandibular joint, which complicated the timely assessment of the patient’s condition and led to exacerbation of the mental disorder in the absence of psychopharmacological therapy. The article provides an analysis of the place of mental pathology in the formation and development of orofacial pain, both of a somatogenic nature and in the context of somatopsychic disorders, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive assessment of both the dental and mental status of such patients in order to formulate optimal approaches to treatment.

The article describes peculiarities of modern understanding of the nature and treatment of the rigid person syndrome. Baclofen, a GABA-B agonist, is one of the drugs of choice for the treatment of this condition. However, its oral use has little efficacy and leads to a number of complications. An indisputable alternative to oral administration of the drug at present is its continuous intrathecal administration using an implantable pump. A case of cryptogenic rigidity syndrome accompanied by the development of a depressive state is presented. In the process of treatment by intrathecal baclofen therapy, not only excruciating muscle spasms disappeared, but also depressive symptomatology without special use of antidepressants.

The purpose of the study. To show the high effectiveness of ITT in a patient with a severe cryptogenic form of CRS, as well as the effect of OT, not only on spasticity, but also on depressive symptoms.

Material and methods. A case of treatment by the ITB method with implantation of a pump to a patient with a cryptogenic form of HPV is presented. A modified Ashworth scale (MAS) was used to assess spasticity. The patient’s quality of life was assessed on the Barthel scale. The Hamilton scale was used to assess the level of depression.

The article presents the historical facts oт the creation of the first psychiatric journal in Russia (1896). The organizer of the journal and its first editor-in-chief was V.M. Bekhterev. After his death in 1927, the journal was named after him. It had been published until its closure in 1930. For various reasons, some of which are discussed in the article, the journal has not been published for six decades. The organizational difficulties of registering printed materials that existed at that time are also described. Nevertheless, they were overcome, and in 1990 the USSR State Press Committee issued the Order «On the resumption of publication of the journal...». The journal received a Registration Certificate and was assigned to almost the highest group of central journals. All financing was assigned to the Leningrad branch of the publishing house «Medicine», and the journal was printed in the fabulous in modern reality figure of 20,000 copies per month.

After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, this Order ceased to be valid, and the whole thing had to be started all over again. Nevertheless, the first issue of the journal was published in 1991. Its release has been expected not only in Russia, but also abroad. The first issue included a welcoming speech by the President of the World Psychiatric Association, Jorge Alberto Costa e Silva, which attracted even more attention towards the journal. In 1992, the American Psychiatric Association published an English-language digest of the journal in the United States. For some time the journal was also published in Paris (1998-2000) and in Moscow (2004-2011). Currently, the journal is published by its founder, the V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology in St. Petersburg and is one of the most renowned journals in the field of psychiatry and medical psychology in Russia.