The scientific review is devoted to the actual problem of non-suicidal self-harming behavior. The relevance of this problem is confirmed by the steady increase in cases of various forms of autoaggression in different age categories. Such a high interest in the problem is explained by its high social significance. It is worth noting the insufficient development of the theoretical and methodological base on the phenomenon of non-suicidal self-harming behavior. The aim of the study was theoretical analysis of clinical and diagnostic aspects of non-suicidal self-harming behavior. A theoretical analysis of articles satisfying the criteria requirements has been carried out: the publication presents an analysis of an empirical or experimental study; the study was conducted on persons with suicidal and non-suicidal behavior; the publication is freely available. The analysis of 60 sources of domestic and foreign authors was carried out. The methods of theoretical analysis were used: analytical comparison, systematization and generalization of domestic and foreign works on the problem of non-suicidal self-harming suicidal behavior in a healthy population.

The criteria for distinguishing suicidal and non-suicidal behavior are defined. In the process of theoretical analysis, it was established that the criterion of differentiation for the above-mentioned phenomena is the presence / absence of an intention to die, motivation and methods of self-harming acts. The advantages and disadvantages of describing non-suicidal self-harming behavior as an independent clinical phenomenon are revealed. Due to the lack of clear criteria for determining non-suicidal self-harm, the author of this study conducted a theoretical analysis of the problem of non-suicidal self-harming behavior. The analysis of the works confirms the importance of a deeper and more detailed study of the problem of non-suicidal selfharming behavior from the standpoint of research methodology, including issues of diagnosis, classification and differentiated measures for the prevention of autoaggressive behavior.

Impulsivity in schizophrenia is not a solid phenomenon either at the level of behavior or from the point of view of psychological mechanisms and underlying physiology. Some research approaches are considered in the article, and three types of impulsivity were identified based on the difference in research method and object: impulsivity as a clinical condition, impulsivity as a personality trait, and experimentally studied impulsivity. Clinical impulsivity manifests most often as the unmotivated aggression and affective outburst, or as following the psychotic symptoms. The basis for the qualification is the information from observation and interviews with the patient and family members; specific scales are used for standardized assessment. Impulsivity as a personality trait is studied mainly using self-questionnaires and describes various aspects of personality and cognitive style associated with impulsive behavior. The results of the studies in patients with schizophrenia show both higher rates of subjective impulsivity and those comparable with normative data. The third type of impulsivity reveals in controlled experiments with the conditions that provoke impulsive behavior. Data on patients with schizophrenia in the experimental paradigm are also ambiguous. The article discusses the relationships between different types of impulsivity and possible approaches to its therapy and correction in subjects with schizophrenia. 

Bullying and cyberbullying in children and adolescents is currently an extremely pressing medical, socio-psychological problem and brings together medical, psychological and pedagogical specialists.

Purpose of the study: analytical review of domestic and foreign research in the field of traditional bullying and cyberbullying in children and adolescents.

Materials and methods. The article discusses data on the prevalence, characteristics, signs, types, forms and programs for the prevention of traditional bullying and cyberbullying in children and adolescents.

A scientific search was carried out using relevant keywords and basic terms in the search engines PubMed and Google Scholar, in the Scopus database, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RISC (eLIBRARY.RU) and others.

Results. According to the results of an analysis of studies conducted in different countries, the problem of traditional bullying and cyberbullying among schoolchildren is observed in almost all countries of the world, regardless of their economic and socio-political development. The study of psychological traits and the identification of typologies of personalities of participants in traditional bullying and cyberbullying in schoolchildren will help in the development of strategies to combat bullying and cyberbullying, as well as prevention programs, in the work of teachers and psychologists with direct participants in bullying and people at risk.

Conclusion. It should be noted that programs for the prevention of traditional bullying and cyberbullying among schoolchildren must be carried out in the context of the educational process together with teachers and parents (parent meetings, trainings and consultations), taking into account the age-psychological and individual characteristics of schoolchildren, who are the strategic potential of the future Russia.

The problem of valproate-induced adverse drug reactions, including valproate-induced parkinsonism is of high relevance due to the widespread use of valproates in psychiatric and neurological practice and the complexity of the pathogenesis of dopaminergic neurotransmission disorders. Unfortunately, personalized algorithms for practicing physicians based on the use of modern methods of pharmacogenomics and pharmacometabolomics of valproate-induced parkinsonism have not yet been developed. The most important methods of diagnosis and prognosis of valproate-induced parkinsonism are 1) investigation of neurologic status (assessment of motor and non-motor symptoms of drug-induced parkinsonism); 2) therapeutic drug monitoring of total and free fractions of valproic acid; 3) study of the level of toxic metabolic metabolites of valproic acid in blood and urine; pharmacogenetic testing of non-functional single nucleotide variants of genes encoding key metabolic enzymes and key transport proteins of valproic acid efflux across the blood-brain barrier.

Psychiatric science is faced with a large-scale and responsible task — the development of theoretical and therapeutic tools that allow it to cope with the challenges that the «era of the Global Network» addresses to public mental health. A look at the totality of accumulated problems through the prism of social psychiatry is long overdue. At the center of social psychiatry is the problem of distinguishing sociopsychopathological phenomena from the social mental norm, adequate to the concept of «public mental health». This goal is more difficult and requires a professionally responsible pursuit of scientific consensus than deciding the boundary between mental health and mental disorder in an individual. The article examines in detail the topic of mass consciousness and the psychological pathologies developing in it, which began to interest European and Russian scientists at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. The authors express their proposals in terms of reducing and preventing the negative consequences for public health of the essentially total involvement of society in the Global Network. The idea of creating a new research direction within social psychiatry is being put forward—information psychiatry.

The aim of the study was to study the perinatal history of children suffering from inorganic encopresis, namely: the prevalence of pathology of pregnancy and childbirth in the mothers of these patients in comparison with a healthy population.

Materials and Methods. The data of the perinatal anamnesis of children and adolescents aged 5 to 13 years who applied to the State Medical Institution with «SOCPB» with complaints of fecal incontinence (main group — 192 people), as well as healthy children aged 5 to 13 years, whose parents revealed a voluntary desire to participate in the study (control group — 100 people). Clinicalpsychopathological and clinical-anamnestic research methods were used in the work.

Results. The results of the study showed the presence of a predominant burden of the perinatal period with pathological conditions in patients with encopresis compared with a healthy population, while 8 of the 14 factors had predictive power and entered the logistic regression equation with a high level of statistical significance (p<0.05 for all factors). The data on the statistically higher prevalence of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of mothers with children suffering from encopresis, having the greatest influence on the dependent variable and with the highest modulo value of the regression coefficient (B0=-3.117) can be regarded as a hereditary predisposition to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, expressed in the weakness of arbitrary control of intestinal peristalsis and defecation in children. Also, for the first time, a higher incidence of the transference factor in the main group was revealed, which had never been described before in relation to encopresis.

Conclusion. The results obtained during the study confirm the influence of the residual organic factor on the etiopathogenesis of encopresis in children. At the same time, for the first time, a statistical pattern was revealed clarifying the role of a number of factors of perinatal damage to the nervous system in the formation of fecal incontinence in children, which expands the possibilities of forecasting with the most effective psychoprophylaxis. 

In order to develop criteria for forensic psychiatric assessment of drug-related psychotic states related to the period of a socially dangerous act, 26 male defendants in criminal cases were examined using the clinical and psychopathological method. The algorithm proposed as a result of the study includes the optimal sequence of solving all expert problems in criminal proceedings with the criteria for substantiating the decisions made. Criteria are identified that allow retrospectively differentiating a psychotic state from acute drug intoxication with individual psychopathological inclusions. It is established that the criminal procedural capacity of these individuals is impaired due to the protracted nature of psychosis or affective disorders that developed in the forensic investigative situation. The criteria for potential social danger of individuals 

Modern therapy of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders necessarily includes psychosocial interventions along with psychopharmacotherapy. The latter are being actively developed by specialists from different countries, and the effects achieved with their help are also widely studied. Both indicators characterizing the clinical state of patients and others are used as indicators of the effects of psychosocial interventions. Parameters of social functioning and changes in patients’ personal attitudes are often assessed.

The article is devoted to evaluating the effectiveness of treatment programs using psychosocial interventions for patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders at the inpatient stage of psychiatric care. Treatment using a specialized psychoeducational program was compared in terms of effects achieved with treatment where the method of psychosocial intervention was occupational therapy. A naturalistic open comparative prospective study design was used, with the use of psychometric reliable and valid assessment methods, and statistical analysis methods adequate to the obtained data (the Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

The performed analysis allows us to assert the similarity of clinical condition in patients of the compared subgroups both before and after treatment with psychosocial interventions. The results indicate psychopharmacotherapy as the leading factor in achieving changes in the clinical picture of the condition at the inpatient stage of care for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. At the same time, the nature of the program used has little influence on the clinical condition of patients.

A different result was obtained when assessing the dynamics of patients’ psychological attitudes towards their disease and treatment. It was proven that patients of the main subgroup (who took part in treatment with the use of a specialized psychoeducational program) changed their ideas about their disease, its severity, main symptoms and ways of their control, increased confidence in the ability to control symptoms and the level of compliance with therapy. Also, patients in the main group achieved a significant reduction in selfstigmatization, reduced the level of experienced social distress, which reflects the restoration of their sense of self-worth, dignity, and self-esteem. Also, the patients of the main group had lower rates of social avoidance and social distress after the end of treatment than those of the comparison group. The study confirmed the greater effectiveness of inpatient treatment with the use of a psychoeducational program in comparison with an occupational therapy program for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

This study shows how the motive of social significance introduced into the experimental situation affects the features of sign-symbolic mediation in patients with schizophrenia. It was revealed that in patients with schizophrenia there is a lack of influence of the motive of social significance on the features of sign mediation, whereas in mentally healthy people, in response to the presentation of the motive of social significance, the originality of images in the «Pictogram» technique increased. The lack of influence of the motive of social significance on the features of sign mediation in patients with schizophrenia can be explained both by a specific violation of the motivational component of social cognition and by a general (non-specific) motivational deficit. To establish a more appropriate explanation, it is necessary to conduct a study, the design of which will include other experimental motives. Data were also obtained on the presence of specific photographic images in patients with schizophrenia using the Pictogram technique. 

In recent years, there have been significant negative changes in health and, as a consequence, an increase in medical and social problems among the population of children and adolescents. One of the factors that have a negative impact on these processes is the presence of mental disorders, which can be caused by various reasons, including biological ones, including metabolic disorders. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the indicators of general and primary morbidity of mental disorders and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents in the Russian Federation as a whole for 2018 and 2022, obtained from the relevant forms of federal statistical observation No. 10 “Information on diseases with mental disorders and behavioral disorders (except for diseases related to substance use)”. The analysis included data on the number of child and adolescent population in the Russian Federation in 2018 and 2022, obtained from the reporting forms of the federal state statistics service.

The presented results make it possible to assess the dynamics of the prevalence of mental disorders in groups of children and adolescents, which can contribute to the improvement of programs and measures for their prevention and treatment, as well as to determine the needs for medical care of minors in the Russian Federation and identify factors that increase the risk of developing certain diseases.

The aim of the study was to analyze the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of treatment-resistant schizophrenia by searching, selecting and reviewing publications covering this topic. 42 articles were analyzed during the work, which contributed to the conclusion about the effectiveness and good tolerability of third-generation antipsychotics in patients with resistant schizophrenia taking clozapine, and also to formulate the conclusion that third-generation antipsychotics can be effective in such cases.