The aim of the study is to compare coping behavior patterns and memory-compensation strategies in older adults with objectively identified and subjective cognitive impairments. Materials and methods: the cross-sectional study included 108 participants (23.1% men; median age = 72 years). The examination consisted of an assessment of cognitive functions (Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, Clock Drawing Test, Wechsler Memory Scale, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination) and stress-coping strategies (Ways of Coping Questionnaire). For the analysis of categorical data, the following methods were used: Pearson’s χ² test (for contingency tables), Fisher’s exact test (for small expected frequencies), and the z-test with Bonferroni correction for multiple pairwise comparisons. Statistical analysis of quantitative variables was performed using nonparametric tests at a significance level of p≤0,05. The Spearman correlation coefficient was applied to evaluate correlations.

Results: participants with objective cognitive impairment demonstrated lower scores on all cognitive tests and less frequent use of active, problem-oriented coping strategies compared with individuals reporting only subjective complaints. Increasing age was associated with lower neuropsychological test scores. Higher cognitive functioning correlated positively with the use of planning and self-control strategies. In both groups, external memory compensation techniques—such as notes, lists, and spatial organization—were most commonly applied. Conclusion: the findings indicate that a decline in cognitive resources is accompanied by reduced use of active coping strategies and greater reliance on external memory aids. These patterns reflect adaptive behavior restructuring in late life and provide a basis for further investigation of psychological mechanisms that help maintain autonomy in older adults with cognitive impairment.

Cognitive impairment in patients with cardiovascular diseases is regarded as one of the most clinically significant complications affecting disease course, rehabilitation outcomes, and social adaptation. At the same time, existing studies predominantly focus on biomedical factors and fail to fully explain the pronounced interindividual variability in cognitive trajectories following cardiac surgery, which highlights the need for a systemic analysis of cognitive functioning that takes into account clinical, clinical-psychological, and socio-psychological determinants.

The aim of the present study was to develop and empirically validate a systemic model of cognitive functioning in patients with ischemic heart disease who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The study was conducted across five stages covering the entire period of treatment and rehabilitation: before surgery, 12–14 days after surgery, and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Neuropsychological and pathopsychological assessments, clinical-psychological interviews, and analysis of medical records were employed. Statistical data processing included principal component factor analysis, repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis.

The results demonstrated that cognitive functioning represents a system of differentiated but interrelated domainsattention, memory, thinking, and visual recognitioncharacterized by differing sensitivity to factors of various origins. Clinical characteristics of the disease and comorbid pathology determine the baseline level and constraints of cognitive functioning, whereas clinical-psychological and socio-psychological factors modify individual trajectories of cognitive dynamics and define compensatory capacities. Cognitive changes were shown to be determined not only by the severity of somatic condition but also by premorbid cognitive level, social activity, occupational engagement, and treatment adherence.

The findings allow cognitive impairment in patients with cardiovascular diseases to be conceptualized as the result of a systemic interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors and substantiate the necessity of a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and rehabilitation following surgical treatment of cardiovascular pathology.

National projects pay great attention to the preservation of mental health and the development of infrastructure for providing multidisciplinary medical and psychological assistance to minors. The purpose of the study was to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of areas for improving interdepartmental measures to preserve mental health and prevent non-psychotic mental disorders in adolescents in a region with average indicators of socio-economic development (Kirov region).

The presented materials reflect the advantages and novelty of the implemented (2019-2024) interdepartmental system of events in educational, pediatric and psychiatric organizations. The effectiveness of preventive work with a risk group for non-psychotic mental disorders in educational institutions and psychological and psychotherapeutic care for people with pre-nosological mental conditions in a Crisis Care Center has been proven. The opening of this center on the basis of children’s polyclinics has helped to increase the availability of medical and psychological care, reduce stigmatization and improve the early access of adolescents. The introduction of a unified algorithm for the diagnosis and routing of adolescents with non-psychotic mental disorders and behavioral disorders, including suicidal risk, in medical and educational organizations made it possible to send people with an established disease to psychiatric services in a differentiated manner, which helped to reduce the primary incidence of these disorders and reduce the number of suicides in the region.

Objective: to compare the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with a current depressive episode (DE) in bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as to evaluate the associations of IL-6 with clinical characteristics, including anhedonia and anxiety. Material and methods: the study participants were examined using a semi–structured diagnostic interview and psychometric tools such as the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Serum levels of IL-6 were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Nonparametric methods, correlation and regression analysis were used for statistical processing.

Results: The study included 50 patients with current DE (BD: n=20, MDD: n=30). There were no differences between the BD and MDD groups in IL-6 levels, as well as in the severity of anhedonia (SHAPS) and anxiety (HADS-A). Patients with BD had an earlier onset of the disorder and a higher number of DE compared with MDD. In BD diagnosis stratification, IL-6 correlated with anxiety (HADS-A) and age of onset, while in MDD it correlated with anhedonia (SHAPS). Nevertheless, in the regression analysis conducted after the correlation stage, higher levels of IL-6 showed a stable, independent positive association only with the severity of anhedonia; the effect persisted when the diagnosis was taken into account (BD/ MDD) and clinical covariates. Conclusion: in patients with current DE, IL-6 may be more associated with individual domains of symptoms, namely, the severity of anhedonia, rather than the overall severity of depression. Moreover, this relationship manifests itself regardless of the diagnosis of BD and MDD, which indicates its key role in the immune-inflammatory mechanisms of mood disorders.

The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults and the diagnostic challenges it poses underscore the need for reliable tools for screening and monitoring symptoms. Worldwide, one of the standard instruments is the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale v1.1 (ASRS-v1.1), developed with support from the WHO and Harvard Medical School. Despite its popularity abroad, no studies have yet examined the psychometric properties of this scale in a Russian-speaking population. The aim of this work was to conduct a preliminary validation of the instrument in such a sample. Materials and methods: The study included 500 participants: 300 respondents without an established diagnosis of ADHD and 200 patients with confirmed ADHD (F90.0). Mean ages were 33.4 ± 11.2 and 27.8 ± 7.4 years, respectively. Psychometric analysis comprised exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, assessment of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), test–retest reliability (ICC), and convergent validity with the Russian versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Results: A two-factor structure (“inattention” and “hyperactivity/impulsivity”) was confirmed with acceptable model fit indices. Internal consistency was high; eight-week test–retest reliability showed ICC = 0.79 (95 % CI 0.72–0.85). The Russianlanguage questionnaire thus represents a validated and reliable clinical-psychological tool for rapid detection and quantitative assessment of adult ADHD symptoms, enabling individual symptom profiling, monitoring over time, and planning preventive interventions.

Background. Adolescent suicidal behavior remains one of the leading causes of premature mortality and represents a significant medical and social problem. In the context of large-scale social transformations in recent years, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated changes in everyday life, the study of dynamics of affective disorders and risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescents has become particularly relevant. Aim. To assess the dynamics of mood decline and risk factors for suicidal behavior among adolescents aged 14-17 years in different social periods (2018-2019 and 2022-2024), and to develop a predictive model for the risk of suicidal behavior.

Materials and Methods. A comparative epidemiological study was conducted involving 431 adolescents aged 14017 years. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory (M. Kovacs), and suicidal attitudes were evaluated using the suicide risk assessment questionnaire developed by T.N. Razuvaeva. Differences between groups were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test. A predictive model of suicidal behavior risk was constructed using binary logistic regression, and its diagnostic performance was evaluated using ROC-analysis.

Results and Conclusions. Statistically significant differences were identified in several indicators of suicidal risk, including demonstrativeness, uniqueness, social pessimism, breakdown of cultural barriers, and impaired time perspective. A decrease in the antisuicidal factor was observed in 2022-2024, which may indicate a weakening of protective psychological mechanisms in adolescents. According to the Children’s Depression Inventory, the proportion of adolescents with critically decreased mood nearly doubled compared with the pre-pandemic period. The constructed logistic regression model demonstrated high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0,834). The most significant predictors of suicidal behavior risk included the degree of mood decline, social pessimism, affectivity, breakdown of cultural barriers, and the anti-suicidal factor. The findings highlight the need for systematic monitoring of adolescent mental health and development of evidence-based preventive programs aimed at the early identification of high-risk groups.

Research into the ageand gender-specific characteristics and impact of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) on the presentation of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is relevant for identifying risk factors and identifying targets for individualized psychotherapy strategies for depressive states in adolescent patients. Objectives. To identify ageand gender-specific characteristics of attitudes toward physical pain and parameters of psychological distress in NSSI in the structure of adolescent depression, depending on the presence of APS in the clinical picture. Methods: A total of 351 respondents aged 16 to 25 were surveyed. Participants included patients with depression, both with NSSI (main clinical group) and without NSSI (clinical comparison group), as well as healthy controls (control group). Clinical groups were further divided by the presence of APS. The following methods were used: Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Psychological Distress Diagnostic Questionnaire, Short Form Fear of Pain Questionnaire, Discomfort Intolerance Scale, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale.

Results. Attitudes toward physical pain and interpersonal domain parameters are not related to age. In the control group, female patients were found to catastrophize pain more and experience fear of pain, and to report more complaints reflecting psychological distress. Patients without APS reported more severe complaints related to psychological distress. Among patients with APS, fear of significant physical pain was lower in the NSSI group than in the non-NSSI group, which was not observed in the non-APS group. Conclusion. Significant differences were found within the control group. Attitudes toward physical pain, feelings of burden, and feelings of impaired belonging were virtually unrelated to age. Patients without APS report more severe complaints about their condition and are more likely to acknowledge the need for psychological help. In patients with APS the fear of significant physical pain in the NSSI group is lower than in the non-NSSI group.

Sleep disorders are common among adolescents and are associated with an increased risk of academic failure, affective disorders, and behavioral problems. Individual differences in sleep parameters are partly due to genetic factors, polymorphisms of genes of neurotransmitter systems involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Objective. To analyze the associations of nighttime sleep parameters and daytime sleepiness with polymorphic regions of nine candidate genes of serotonin-, dopamine-, and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems ( MAOA, HTR1A, HTR1A2, COMT, DRD2, DRD4, DBH, SLC6A4, SLC6A2 ) in Russian adolescents. Materials and methods.896 Caucasian adolescents aged 12-18 years (mean age 14.38±1.92 years, boys/girls 45.4%/54.6%) were examined. Nighttime sleep parameters were assessed using selected questions from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan probes. Statistical analysis was performed using the SNPStats program with evaluation of various inheritance Results. models and calculation of odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A significant association was found between the T allele of the rs1137070 polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase A gene and extremely short nighttime sleep duration (less than 6 hours; odds ratio (OR)1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.091.81; p=0.008) and increased daytime sleepiness (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.05-1.60; p=0.018). The T allele of the rs1800497 (TaqIA) polymorphism of the dopamine receptor D2/ANKK1gene demonstrated a protective effect against frequent nighttime awakenings (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52-0.92; p=0.0098). Conclusion. The established genetic associations indicate a significant contribution of heritable individual differences in the functioning of monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems to sleep regulation in adolescents.

Mental disorders of childhood are dynamic formations characterized by complex patterns of development with periods of remission, changes in the clinical picture and comorbid stratification. he aim of the study is to establish the prognostic significance of clinical and psychosocial factors of childhood psychiatric disorders for differentiating the dynamics of their course in adulthood. Materials and methods: a prospective cohort clinical and follow-up study of 175 patients of the children’s psychiatric service with a follow-up period of at least 10 years was conducted. An integrated approach was applied, combining a retrospective analysis of medical documentation with a prospective follow-up examination.

Results and discussion: significant heterogeneity of diagnostic pathways was revealed: complete stability of the diagnosis was observed in 56.0% of patients, and a change in the nosological group was observed in 24.0%. The multiple logistic regression model revealed key predictors of a favorable outcome: diagnosis of «adjustment disorder» (OR=6.17), absence of hospitalization (OR=4.26), and complete family (OR=1.97). Cluster analysis revealed three homogeneous groups with different development trajectories corresponding to modern typological models. Conclusions. The study confirms the complex nature of the interaction of clinical and psychosocial factors in shaping the trajectories of mental pathology. The data confirm the need for a differentiated approach to prognosis and early intervention in the conditions of a regional psychiatric service.