In our study we have analyzed MRI of mediobasal parts of temporal lobes in healthy volunteers and patients with Alzheimer disease in early stage based on medical literature and our experience. We have determined method of defnition and volume evaluation of different hippocampal subfelds.

Te appearance of the biopsychosocial model of psychosis near the end of the past century opened the way to the integration of psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches to the therapy of psychoses. Te studies carried out since the beginning of the present century have demonstrated the undoubted advantage in the evidence-based effectiveness of the integrated models using the cognitive-behavioural therapy of psychoses over the monopharmacotherapy. Te problems of the further practical implementation of the biopsychosocial model in the therapy of psychoses and the ways of their solving are discussed.

In the article the issues of detection and clinical signifcance of affective symptoms of preclinical level in adolescence are discussed. Affective symptoms of the preclinical level are frequently masked by personality or behavioral characteristics, puberty manifestations. Quite ofen such adolescents remain out of sight of specialists with a high need for adequate medical and psychological assistance. Te purpose of this study was to identify the subclinical level affective symptoms in different groups of adolescents (subthreshold depression) and to study its clinical features. Tere were examined 659 adolescents 7-17 years old. We used clinical, psychological (depression scale M. Kovak) and statistical metods. A group of adolescents with a risk of developing depression was identifed (35.7%): with a «above average» level of depression’s risk (26.6%), with a high level (7.9%) and high scores on particular scales (1.2%). Adolescents in secondary schools, compared to the pupils in correctional schools, had signifcantly higher indicators on the total score and «Negative mood» and «Angelonia» scales in the group with a high risk of depression. Te indicators of the «Interpersonal problems» scale were high in all groups of students. Adolescents from urban schools are at the greatest risk of developing depression compared to both rural adolescents and correctional school pupils. In 10.3% of the pupils, the individual signs of affective disorders were identifed that signifcantly affected the quality of functioning, which we regarded as persons with subthreshold depression. including 15.8% urban, 10.8% rural, and 6.3% teenagers with disabilities. Tis group needs a dynamic observation and carrying out preventive measures with the obligatory involvement of the social environment — parents and teachers.

Te second part of the paper presents the results of testing the criterion validity of the methodological complex scales conducted on a sample of 637 pupils of the upper grades of general education schools from 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation and 108 pupils involved in the use of narcotic substances. Pupils using narcotic substances are characterized by a tendency to technological addictions, antisocial tendencies, difculties in self-regulation accompanied by overestimation of the own ability to control emotions, denying the interest for novelty, risky behavior and avoidance as well as difculties in child-parent relations. Some of these factors are manifested in those with a protective response strategy and others — in those with an open demonstration of difculties, which allows us to separate the two risk profles. In pupils appraising their ability to control emotions as high, the risk of involvement in the use of narcotic substances is associated with either a demonstrating or an illusory excessively «prosperous» profle: an overestimation of own emotional control and social support, denial of avoidance, denial of interest for novelty and risky behavior. In pupils appraising their ability to control emotions as low, the risk is higher in those with higher rates of technological addictions, antisocial tendencies, difculties in self-regulation and in child-parent relationships.

Internet addiction (IA) has become a serious problem of modern addictology, especially among the younger generation. Tere is a sufcient number of works devoted to the comorbidity of IA and other mental and behavioral disorders, but the studies of the IAcharacteristics in mentally ill patients are of a single nature. Te goal of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the IA behavior in children and adolescents with various mental disorders. Te main group consisted of 71 adolescents, 28 boys and 43 girls, aged 11-18 years, treated in a psychiatric hospital with diagnoses Organic disorders (F 06, F 07) — 35 subjects, Behavior disorders (F 91, F 92) -16, Neurotic, stress-related disorders (F 41, F 43) -10 and schizophrenia, schizotypic disorder (F 20, F21) -10. Te control group consisted of 49 healthy adolescents, 24 boys, 25 girls, aged 11-18 years. Te following methods were used: Сlinical-anamnestic map, Participant questionnaire for assessing the parameters of IA behavior, of Chen Internet addiction scale (CIAS — in the adaptation of V.L. Malygin and K.A. Feklisov) to assess the severity of FM. It is shown that among teenagers with mental disordersIA occurs signifcantly more ofen (more than ¼) than in the control group, the same for females and males. Mentally ill adolescents used the Internet signifcantly more hours per week, used social networks more per day, had a larger overall score on the scale of CIAS. It is established from gender characteristics that girls used social networks more ofen than boys. Te risk of IA was higher in users of gaming communities. IA was more ofen observed in patients with organic disorders. Te tendency to IA behavior was more frequent in patients with behavioral disorders and schizophrenia.

Tis work is devoted to the problem of emotional burnout in the context of parent-child relationship. Te possibility of applying the concept of burnout is being considered in order to describe the processes that occur in parents whose children suffer from a chronic psychiatric disorder, the author’s point of view on the matter is being presented. Te necessity of creating a questionnaire to measure emotional burnout among mothers of children with schizophrenia is being justifed, the procedure of creation of the new questionnaire is described, and the results of its approbation are performed.

Summary. Te aim of the study was to study the clinical signifcance of changes in bioelectric activity for the purpose of identifying them as biological markers of mental disorders in patients with HIV infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted to diagnose mental disorders and search for neurophysiological markers in 62 patients with HIV infection at the St. Petersburg Center for the Prevention and Control of HIV and Infectious Diseases.

Results: 50% of patients with HIV infection without abuse disorders have mental disorders characterized mainly by adaptive reactions and mild cognitive impairment. Normal indicators of bioelectrical activity were determined in 16.1% of 62 patients. In the majority of patients (59.7%), bioelectrical activity was determined with a predominance of excitation in the medio-different areas and a decrease in activity of the cerebral cortex. In 41.9% of patients, the processes of CNS excitation were increased in the form of an intensifcation of the reaction to photostimulation. Neurophysiological differences were revealed in patients with neurotic and stress-related disorders and organic changes in the CNS. For neurotic disorders in comparison with organic disorders, the EEG was normal or the disorganized type with predominance of alpha and beta activity were more likely, while in the case of organic disorders the desynchronous type of EEG was more ofen noted. Te development of psycho-organic syndrome in HIV patients is confrmed by deep restructuring of bioelectrical activity in the anterior parts of the brain.

Anorexia nervosa usually develops during adolescence when considerable structural and functional brain changes are taking place. Suicidal intentions could occur at this period and the number of teenage suicides spikes. Te research among adults has registered the defcit of executive functions both in different mental disorders and in suicidal behavior. However, there is no clarity about what is the role of executive functions in dynamic of AN among female teenagers. Te question is: do they have an effect on level of suicidal ideation? We have researched executive functions in adolescent girls with AN and suicidal ideas. We identifed that the disfunction in specifc cognitive domains (executive and psychomotor functions) and the global neuropsychological insufciency (composite score BACS) could stimulate an appearance of suicidal ideas in AN.

Te purpose of the study was to study the features of socio-psychological adaptation (SPA) and the emotional status of students of different ages. 60 students 17-20 years and 60 schoolchildren 12-16 years old were examined. Te parameters of the SPA, including its integral characteristics, were evaluated by the questionnaire of K. Rogers — R. Diamond. Indicators of emotional status (anxiety, depression) were assessed on a scale (HADS) (Zigmond AS, et Snaith R.P., 1983) and Covi Anxiety Scale. Еstablished that the structure of violations of SPA in adolescents includes a low degree of adaptability, acceptance of oneself, acceptance of others, emotional comfort and internal control; Low estimates of the integral characteristics: adaptation, self-acceptance, acceptance of others, emotional comfort and internality. Reflection of social and psychological disadaptation among students is moderately pronounced disadaptation, rejection of self, rejection of others, list, escapism; From integrated indicators — higher scales of scales adaptation, self-perception and aspiration to domination. Students are more likely to differ subclinically, less ofen — clinically expressed anxiety and or depression. Tere are differences in the frequency of occurrence and structure of violations of sociopsychological adaptation in persons of different age groups (students and adolescents). Emotional disorders are more common in students than in adolescents and are predominantly subclinical, less commonly with clinically expressed anxiety and / or depression.

Te article describes clinical and psychological issues of the PTSD development in breast cancer patients afer surgical treatment (mastectomy). Te results of comparative analysis with the use of the psychodiagnostic tests battery of the breast cancer related PTSD symptoms group and the well coped with cancer related distress group are presented. Te regression analysis results allowed to distinguish psycho-social risk factors for breast cancer related PTSD manifestation

Alzheimer’s disease (Alzheimer’s type dementia) (BA) is a primary progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain with characteristic clinical and pathological features, individual characteristics of the course and severity of symptoms, as well as multiple converging etiopathogenetic mechanisms. Te most successfully developed at the present time are compensatory (replacement) therapy aimed at overcoming the neurotransmitter defciency in various neuronal systems, which are more or less affected by the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Choline alfoscerat (Gliatilin) is a cholinomimetic of central action with a predominant effect on the central nervous system. In the process of metabolism, the molecule of Gliatilin (choline alphoscerate) undergoes cleavage into choline (40.5%) and glycerophosphate. Te resulting choline stimulates the synthesis of acetylcholine, which improves the transmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic neurons, and glycerophosphate stimulates the appearance of phosphatidylcholine, which restores the phospholipid composition of neuronal membranes, improving their plasticity. Glitatylin (choline alfoscerate) has a stimulating effect on cognitive functions and improves memory and attention, leads to the correction of psycho-emotional disorders. Glitatilin (choline alphosceratus) positively increases in cerebral blood flow, accelerates metabolism and activates structure brain reticular formation. Te effect on glia is expressed in suppressing the activation of inflammation, reducing intracellular edema and reducing microvascular permeability. Choline alfostserat (Gliatilin) can be recommended for use in patients with asthma as monotherapy, and about complex treatment.

Modern development of psychotherapy involves conceptual integration of methods that allows to increase efciency and provide quality personalized treatment for patients with neurotic disorders, taking into account specifc impact targets. Te article describes the application of short-term individual analyticalcathartic therapy, combining various techniques of dynamic approach. Clinical and individual psychological characteristics of patients with disturbing neurotic disorders in the dynamics reflecting the result of the applied therapy were studied. Positive changes in the severity of symptoms, the intensity of psychological defenses, the range of constructive coping mechanisms used, self-esteem and interpersonal relationships are shown. Predictors of successful application of this model of psychotherapy are singled out.

Te procedure of obtaining the informed consent plays the crucial role in biomedical studies. Psychiatric patients refer to the vulnerable category of subjects, as there is an obvious conflict exists between the necessity of compliance to the subject’s autonomy rules and the restrictions of this autonomy caused by the illness. Schizophrenia patients suffer from cognitive dysfunction in different domains, which influence their ability to comprehend the information and to make decisions. From the other hand, arguing the appropriateness of informed consent obtaining in patients with severe mental disorders (e.g. with schizophrenia) and, thus, limitation of their ability to participate in clinical trials, can be considered as an equitable limitation of their access to the latest achievements of medical science. Potential difculties in obtaining informed consent in schizophrenia subjects can be divided into three categories: 1) subject related; 2) protocol related; 3) investigator/physician related; Both the investigators and the physicians must be acquainted with the potential ethical issues that can influence the decision making ability in schizophrenia subjects due cognitive dysfunction and the decline in subject’s autonomy level.

Te results of the study of the main models of parental attitudes and vital values of 58 HIVinfected mothers having children aged 1-3 years were considered in the article.Structured interview, PARI technique were applied. Cluster analysis was performed for assessment of value and implication system of the women under study. Two leading polar nonconstructive models of parental attitudes were found: excessive emotional distancing (43%) and excessive concentration on child(42%). Correlation analysis revealed that excessive emotional distancing strategy has positive correlation with such vital values as “work” and “individual liberty” whereas excessive concentration on child strategy has positive correlation with maternity values and negative correlation with work values. Te results made it possible to determine the main tasks and targets of psychotherapeutic assistance for HIV-infected mothers with a view of protecting children’s mental health.