Psychoeducational interventions for schizophrenic patients and their families have shown impressive long-term effects on the course of illness. The authors conducted a review of scholarly journals and manuscripts indexed in commonly used search engines. The psychoeducation varied in approach and format: family psychoeducation, individual- and group-based interventions, flexible combined approaches, interventions to improve medication adherence etc. This paper points to a growing interest in the topic of psychoeducation for schizophrenic patients, providing a comprehensive picture of group-based interventions and highlighting the need for additional research and knowledge-building.

Scientific explanation of the gradual relief of mental disorders in patients with prolonged control of seizures in the regression of epileptic patterns on EEG and the symptoms of epileptogenesis. Materials and methods. We studied 239 patients with epilepsy (PE) and 120 patients with long-term control of seizures, used methods of clinical observation, MRI, EEG, and 12 experimental psychological methods. Results. It is established that a persistent seizure control determines the positive dynamics of indicators of mental activity of PE. Conclusion. The cessation of seizures determines the positive dynamics of indicators of mental state of PE. The degree of regression of personality changes should considered in decision making about the withdrawal period treatment of anti-epileptic drugs and practical recovery from epilepsy.

Our comparative study of psychosocial, behavioural, and clinical characteristics involved 46 HIV-negative individuals with opioid dependence (HIV-IDUs), 57 HIV-positive opioid-dependent individuals (HIV+IDUs) and a control group of 90 healthy subjects (CG). All opioid dependent participants were injecting drug users (IDUs). Results reported in Part 2 are based on our analysis of the following tests: The Buss - Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Folkman and Lazarus’ Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), Purpose-in-Life Test (PIL), Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (l6PF), WHO Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-100), and the modified Link’s Stigma Scale (LINK). Our analysis demonstrated that IDUs (independently of their HIV status) showed higher results on the BDHI’s subscales of assault, verbal hostility, irritability, guilt and the total score; STAXI’s subscales of trait anger and anger expression-out; LINK’s drug use and HIV-related stigma and discrimination; behaviour is dominated by non-adaptive coping strategies of distancing, self-control, escape-avoidance (WCQ) and the vigilance (L), apprehension (O), tension (Q₄) personality characteristics (16PF) compared to the control group. All participated IDUs demonstrated lower results compared to that in the control group on all subscales and the total score of the Purpose-in-Life test and lower quality of life in the domains of physical and psychological health, social relationships and level of independence, as well as the total score of WHOQOL-IOO. Coping strategies of the positive reappraisal and ‘planful’ problem solving (WCQ) are more rare and the personality characteristics of rule-consciousness (G), sensitivity (I), abstractedness (M), self-reliance (Q₂), perfectionism (Q₃₎, and motivational distortion (MD) (16PF) are decreased compared to the control group. Compared to HIV-negative IDUs, HIV-positive IDUs demonstrated higher scores on the ‘resentment’ and ‘guilt’ subscales, and the overall hostility index (BDHI); ‘trait anger’ and ‘anger expression-out’ subscales of the STAXI; HIV-related stigma and discrimination (LINK) and lower scores on the reasoning (B), emotional stability (C), and perfectionism (Q₃) subscales of the 16PF; psychological and level of independence domains of WHOQOL-100; purpose in life, locus of control-life, and life process or emotional richness of life (PIL).

Article presents modern approaches to the psychotherapy of neurotic level anxiety disorders with the use of the evidence based outcome-oriented research. It considers the main targets, steps and contraindications for psychotherapy. Algorithms of the main psychotherapeutic methods used for the treatment of patients with neurotic level anxiety disorders (CBT, interpersonal and personality-oriented (reconstructive) psychotherapy) are described. The article reviews and appraises the strength and weight of the research findings of the definite methods effectiveness and strength of the recommendations.

The therapy with antipsychotic drugs (AD) of the first and second generations is accompanied by metabolic side effects. The papers of recent years have revealed both central (induction of resistance to the satiety hormone leptin, change in level of adiponectin suppressing glyconeogenesis and elevating sensitivity of cells to insulin) and peripheral (activation of system of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), performing transcription of genes of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis along with inhibition of late phases of synthesis of cholesterol as well as change in intracellular cholesterol transport) mechanisms of realization of antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbances. The study of the interrelationship between emergence of metabolic disturbances under therapy with AD and changes in production of cytokines and other inflammation factors is promising. A part of such studies as well as studies of peripheral mechanisms of side effects of AD can by efficiently performed in vitro on the models of cultivated cells, first of all, hepatogenic ones.

One of the most important parts in biomarkers research is finding of atrophic changes in strategic for cognition brain structures. In the study one of the structural neurovisual bi-omarkers of neuronal damage were analised - MRI visual scale of atrophy. 94 patients with early signs of Alzheimer disease were examined. Using of visual scales show atrophy slight and mild of mediobasal temporal lobe in 64 patients (68%), interuncal distance was Increased in 27 patients (28%). Atrophic changes of the cortex of parietal lobe were not found in most of patients.

Management of treatment-resistant depression is one of the most important problems in modern psychiatry. Comorbidity of depression with medical diseases is one of the predisposing factors for the development of treatment resistance due to various mechanisms, including genetic, endocrine, neuroimmune, pharmacogenic, psychosocial, etc. Along with the efforts to reduce the negative effects of the above-mentioned mechanisms (limited by currently available therapeutic options), optimization of antidepressant treatment with regards to existing comorbid medical problems is important for prevention of treatment resistance development.

The study has investigated the severity of different types of perfectionism in patients with anorexia nervosa compared with the normal population. Analyzed manifestations of perfectionism and related aspects of the behavior of girls with anorexia nervosa. Studied the degree of fixation on the negative events of the past and the difficulties with the perception of their future from them.

The article discusses the self-injurious behavior among adolescents. Analyzed the dynamics of self-injurious behavior during the two-year follow-up among adolescents with different clinical diagnosis and determined the characteristics of suicidal fantasy relationship with the formation of suicidal tendencies.

Tardive neuroleptic dystonia is one of the most severe, poor responsive to treatment forms of medical dyskinesias In this article we discuss the clinical features of the manifestations and course of neuroleptic complications, their pronounced influence on quality of life, ways to assess extrapyramidal drug induced disorders. Here is literature data on the methods of tardive dyskinesia correction. It is shown that the highest efficiency of the method, along with maximum safety provides botulinotherapy. We assessment the quality of life during botulinotherapy.

Diagnostics of schizophrenia at early stages represents significant difficulties. In this connection authors of the article express their opinion about diagnostic section «Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome» including in DSM V, which is remaining to be most debatable and suggest to pay greater attention prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia which in a number of scientific publications are considered within the limits of a psychosis risk syndrome However the existing fragmentation in activity of medical institutions in rendering the psychiatric help complicates duly carrying out of necessary diagnostic and therapeutic actions at early phase of mental disorders that demands a creation of new forms of the psychiatric help. One of them could become a complex «a round-the-clock hospital (with the open doors) - a day time hospital» which, in turn, can exist within the limits of the Mental Health Center functioning in structure of V. M. Bekhterev Psychoneurological Institute, where patients at a stage of preillness could address, being observed in the further, in case of need, and at the other stages of mental disorders. Such form of the organization of psychiatric unit will promote specification of criteria for different stage of schizophrenia spectrum disorders including Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome of DSM-V as allows to organize patient’s treatment process by one doctor at various stages of disease, that allows to avoid a various estimation of a condition at supervision of the patient by doctors of different psychiatric units.

The article describes pharmacological characteristics of modern designer drugs outgoing from the group of hallucinogenic spices;the mechanisms of action, and clinical manifestations of intoxication are considered, focusing on neurological consequences which determination is helpful in speeding up the diagnosis, before managing the toxscreen. The possibilities of pharmacological approaches in spices poisoning are discussed. The results of investigation of cholinergic and adenosinic medications in amelioration of adrenergic syndrome and complications and druginduce psychosis also is presented. spice.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the noojerone in patients with moderate Alzheimer disease and to compare obtained data with results of clinical trials of memantine. This was a 24-week open - label post-marketing clinical trial conducted in Department of Geriatric Psychiatry St. Petersburg V.M. Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute. Participants were 44 outpatients with moderate AD and Mini-Mental State Examination scores of 10-19 at start - point. This study have demonstrated efficacy in modifying course of AD and no significant deterioration activities of daily living and frequency and severity of behavioral symptoms, comparable with the results of memantine clinical trials.